Fundamental tibbiyot kursi

Nervous System
1. Which one of the following basal ganglia is derived from the diencephalon?
(A) Amygdaloid nucleus
(B) Head of the caudate nucleus
(C) Tail of the caudate nucleus
(D) Globus pallidus
(E) Putamen
2. When are the axons of the corticospinal tracts fully myelinated?
(A) In the late embryonic period
(B) In the mid-fetal period
(C) At birth
(D) By the end of the first postnatal year
(E) By the end of the second postnatal year
3. Which of the following represents the general somatic efferent (GSE) column of the pons?
(A) Abducent nucleus
(B) Nucleus ambiguus
(C) Hypoglossal nucleus
(D) Inferior olivary nucleus
(E) Inferior salivatory nucleus
4. Which of the following represents the general visceral efferent (GVE) column of the pons?
(A) Cerebellum
(B) Spinal trigeminal nucleus
(C) Principal trigeminal nucleus
(D) Superior salivatory nucleus
(E) Pontine nuclei
5. The external granular layer of the cerebellum gives rise to which of the following?
(A) Outer stellate cells
(B) Purkinje cells
(C) Granule cells
(D) Basket cells
(E) Giant cells of Betz
6. Which of the following statements best describes the pathogenesis of hydranencephaly?
(A) Results from failure of midline cleavage of the embryonic forebrain
(B) Results from atresia of the outlet foramina of the fourth ventricle
(C) Results from blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
(D) Results from internal carotid artery occlusion
(E) Results from failure of the anterior neuropore to close
7. The anterior and posterior neuropores close during which week of embryonic development?
(A) Week 2
(B) Week 3
(C) Week 4
(D) Week 5
(E) Week 6
8. At birth, the conus medullaris is found at which vertebral level?
(A) T-12
(B) L-1
(C) L-3
(D) S-1
(E) S-4
9. Which of the following structures is derived from the telencephalon?
(A) Pineal gland
(B) Hypothalamus
(C) Hippocampus
(D) Optic nerve (CN II)
(E) Globus pallidus
10. Which of the following conditions results from failure of the anterior neuropore to close?
(A) Hydrocephalus
(B) Anencephaly
(C) Mongolism
(D) Craniosynostosis
(E) Meningoencephalocele
11. Which of the following structures is derived from the diencephalon?
(A) Caudate nucleus
(B) Cerebellum
(C) Olfactory bulbs
(D) Neurohypophysis
(E) Adenohypophysis
12. Caudal herniation of the cerebellar tonsils and medulla through the foramen magnum is called
(A) Dandy-Walker syndrome
(B) Down syndrome
(C) Arnold-Chiari syndrome
(D) cranium bifidum
(E) myeloschisis
13. The flexure that develops between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon is called the
(A) cephalic flexure
(B) mesencephalic flexure
(C) pontine flexure
(D) cerebellar flexure
(E) cervical flexure
14. Which of the following statements best describes the sulcus limitans?
(A) It is found in the interpeduncular fossa
(B) It is located between the alar and basal plates
(C) It separates the medulla from the pons
(D) It separates the hypothalamus from the thalamus
(E) It separates the neocortex from the allocortex
15. Myelinated preganglionic sympathetic neurons have their cell bodies in
(A) Clarke's column
(B) substantia gelatinosa
(C) intermediolateral cell column
(D) intermediomedial cell column
16. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is derived from the
(A) alar plate
(B) basal plate
(C) floor plate
(D) rhombic lip
(E) roof plate
17. Tanycytes are found principally in the
(A) area postrema
(B) cerebral aqueduct
(C) lateral ventricles
(D) third ventricle
(E) fourth ventricle
18. Which of the following most accurately describes the herniation of meninges and brain tissue through a defect in occipital bone?
(A) Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
(B) Cranium bifidum with meningohydroencephalocele
(C) Cranium bifidum with meningocele
(D) Arno d-Chiari syndrome
(E) Dandy-Walker syndrome
19. Which of the following is the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus?
(A) Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
(B) Cranium bifidum with meningohydroencephalocele
(C) Aqueductal stenosis
(D) Arnold-Chiari syndrome
(E) Dandy-Walker syndrome
20. Which of the following is associated with atresia of the foramen of Magendie and foramina of Luschka?
(A) Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
(B) Cranium bifidum with meningohydroencephalocele
(C) Aqueductal stenosis
(D) Arnold-Chiari syndrome
(E) Dandy-Walker syndrome
21. Which of the following is associated with platybasia and malformation of the occipitovertebral joint?
(A) Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
(B) Cranium bifidum with meningohydroencephalocele
(C) Aqueductal stenosis
(D) Arnold-Chiari syndrome
(E) Dandy-Walker syndrome