Geographical ilimic heritage of khorezmia and beruni

GEOGRAPHICAL ILIMIC HERITAGE OF KHOREZMIA AND BERUNI
Abstract: It is known that Central Asia was a center of science in ancient times. Great scholars of the East, such as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Muhammad ibn Musa Khorezmi, grew up from here. This article shows the great contribution of these ancestors to world and eastern geography.
Key words: Central Asia, geography, H. Hasanov, Bayt ul-Hikma, Muhammad ibn Musa Khorezmi, Surat ul-Arz, Abu Rayhan Beruni.
Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Geography, Professor Hamidulla Hasanov is a scientist who has deeply studied the geography of Central Asia and Uzbekistan. He carried out scientific work in several directions. We are aware of the educational method and scientific works of the respected gentleman, such as the geographical heritage of Central Asian scientists, toponymy of Central Asia, natural geography of the world. The fact that they have been translated into other languages ​​should also please us geographers. In the Middle Ages (V-XVII centuries), several mature scientists grew up in our country. Studying the scientific works of great geographers from Central Asia such as Muhammad Khorezmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Ibn Sina, Mahmud Koshgari, Mirza Ulugbek is not possible for everyone. However, H. Hasanov, who is our pride, is an Uzbek scientist who has succeeded in this work. He took his place in our glorious history with his scientific works. He has a place in our hearts with his practicality, high qualities, and humility. I want to talk about Khorezmi and Beruni, whom Hamidulla Hasanov envied.
Abu Ja'far (Abu Abdullah) Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khorazmi, the founder of Arab geography, the leader of "Bait ul-hikama", the scientist who mentioned and identified the Pacific Ocean for the first time in the history of geography. the length of the earth meridian arc is 111.8 km. He translated the Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemy (90-168 AD) "Megallosyntaxis" into Arabic under the name "Almajisti". In this work, Ptolemy put forward the geocentric idea of ​​the earth (the planet Earth does not move, the Sun and stars revolve around the Earth). Khorezmi wrote a 100-page preface to this work, enriching geocentric thought from a scientific point of view. Khorezmi's Surat al-Arz is an Arabic translation of Ptolemy's Geography. Several cities, villages, mountains, seas, and rivers are described in this work. At the same time, the names of such hydrological terms as "Western Outer Sea", "Kulzum Sea", "Green Sea" are indicated in this book. Khorezmi's astronomical work "Zij" describes the movement of the Sun, Earth and planets, as well as the rules for finding geographical points. His work consisted of 37 chapters and served as a mirror showing the development of Western and Eastern astronomy. He also made a great contribution to the development of "Bait ul-Hikma". Khorezm built two observatories under this institution in 828 in Baghdad and in 831 on Mount Kosiyun.
Abu Rayhan Beruni is a scientist who made a great contribution to the geography of Central Asia. Beruni was a scientist who determined the geographical coordinates of several lands, wrote several books on geography, drew maps, expressed his opinions about the climate of Central Asia, the planet Earth and its movement. He wrote more than 150 works, including 70 on astronomy, 12 on geography and geology, 4 on cartography, and 3 on climate. These works are: "Hindston", "Mineology", "Osori Baqiya", "Geodesia", "Kanuni Masudi", "Saidona", "At-Tafhim" and others. Beruni created a collection of jewels in the 40s of the 11th century and wrote a book about it. It is called "Minerology" (Arabic "Kitab al-Jomahir fi marifat al jawahir"). This work provides great insights into minerals, their physical phenomena and composition. Beruni made a great contribution to the classification of epigenetic actions founded by Aristotle.
Beruni notes that he determined the geographical coordinates of several places in the works "Hindston", "Kanuni Masudi" (coordinates of 603 places) and "Saidona" (coordinates of more than 400 places).
It can be said that Beruni's opinion about the emergence of climate caused him to gain respect among world scientists. Beruni determined that the climate of each place depends on its following characteristics:
a) depends on the proximity of the place to the earth's surface, soil and vegetation
b) depends on the proximity of the place to mountains and oceans
c) depending on how many meters above or below the ocean this place is located
d) depends on the geographical latitude of the place
Beruni's opinion on the origin of climate is thus classified in modern geography and climatology.
Beruni made a map of the world and included it in the book "Al-tafhim". This map of his shows the plain of Turan, the lands of Hindston, Khurasan and Sham, and the sea surrounding the West and North. Currently, this book is kept at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Beruni makes the world's first globe. The purpose of making this globe was to determine the distances between the cities of Khorezm. The diameter of this globe is 5 meters, and it depicts the lands of Western Europe and Eastern Asia.
The final part: Adam Metz did not call the renaissance in Central Asia in the 9th-12th centuries the "Muslim renaissance" for nothing. We witnessed this in the example of two simple scientists. Instead of making an offer, it is reasonable to say that taking into account the great contribution of Khorezmi and Beruni to the science of geography, they should be passed on to the younger generations.
List of used literature:
1. Alimkulov N, Safarova N, Amanboeva Z, Mominov D. Geography. T.: Info Capital Group, 2019, 240.
2. Hamidulla H. Central Asian geographers and travelers. T.: Uzbekistan, 1964, 252.
3. Iskenderov A, Uzogboev Q. General knowledge about the Earth. T.: Science and technology, 2019, 328.
4. Rasulov A, Hikmatov F, Aytboev D. Basics of hydrology. T.: University, 2003, 327.
Internet networks:
1. Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khorazmi. https://arboblar.uz.
2. Musa al-Khorazmi. https://oyina.uz