Give and Take: a revolutionary Approach to Success pdfdrive com
participants amplify the odds that everyone in the group will have their requests
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Give and Take A Revolutionary Approach to Success ( PDFDrive )
participants amplify the odds that everyone in the group will have their requests fulfilled, much like Panda Adam setting a pay-it-forward norm in his network. But what about the takers? Many audiences are concerned that takers will capitalize on the opportunity to get help without contributing in return. To examine this risk, Wayne Baker and I surveyed more than a hundred people about their giver and taker values. Then they participated in the Reciprocity Ring, and we counted the number of contributions they made. As expected, the givers made significantly more contributions than the takers. The givers averaged four contributions each. Surprisingly, though, the takers were still quite generous, averaging three contributions each. Despite valuing power and achievement far more than helping others, the takers gave three times more than they got. The Reciprocity Ring created a context that encouraged takers to act like givers, and the key lies in making giving public. Takers know that in a public setting, they’ll gain reputational benefits for being generous in sharing their knowledge, resources, and connections. If they don’t contribute, they look stingy and selfish, and they won’t get much help with their own requests. “Being altruistic is often seen as ‘good,’ and being greedy or selfish is not,” writes Duke behavioral economist Dan Ariely with two colleagues, so giving is “a way to signal to others that one is good.” Research shows that givers usually contribute regardless of whether it’s public or private, but takers are more likely to contribute when it’s public. In one study, when others could see their results, takers contributed a large number of ideas during brainstorming . But when their results were hidden, takers added less value. Other studies reveal that takers go green to be seen : they prefer luxurious products over green products when their decisions are private, but shift to green products when their decisions are public, hoping to earn status for protecting the environment. I saw a similar trend among Wharton students: each week in class, I opened the floor for a few students to present requests and invited the whole class to contribute. One November morning, five students made requests, and I was stunned to see a student who had described himself as a taker offer to help four of them. Once his reputation among his peers depended on giving, he contributed. By making contributions visible, the Reciprocity Ring sets up an opportunity for people of any reciprocity style to be otherish: they can do good and look good at the same time. |
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