Glisten => if sth glistens, it shines because it is wet or covered with oil. His forehead was glistening with sweat(ter). Pine

Aroma => a smell that is strong but pleasant
((196)) Go about doing something => to start dealing with a problem, situation, or job in a particular way. -I think I’d go about it quite differently. -How did you go about finding a job?
Prepackaged => prepacked => prepackaged products are already wrapped or in a box when you buy them
Ingredient => one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal
Canned => canned food has been preserved in a metal container without air
((196)) additive => a substance that is added in small amounts to something, especially food, in order to make it last longer, look more attractive, or improve it in some way
Spoilage => the process of becoming decayed or damaged
Preservative => a chemical substance used for preventing food or wood from decaying
Fortify => to add a substance to food or drink to make it stronger or healthier
((198)) Manure => solid waste from farm animals, often mixed with other substances and used on crops to help them to grow
((199)) Loaf => bread in a long, round, or square shape that you cut into slices(thin flat pieces) for eating. A sliced loaf has been cut into slices before it is sold
Nitrate => a chemical substance containing nitrogen, used for improving the quality of soil
Monosodium glutamate => MSG: a chemical added to food to improve its flavour
Obesity => a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for their health
Hypertension => a condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high
((200)) slim => to try to lose weight by eating less. -I’m slimming at the moment.
Long => to want something very much. [long for] -It was freezing outside, and Marcia longed for a hot drink.
Starve => to suffer or to die because there is not enough food. -There are people out there who are starving because of your actions.
Malnutrition => a medical condition in which you are weak or ill because you do not eat enough or do not eat enough of the right foods
Obesity => a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for their health
Gauge => 2to measure the amount of something, or its strength or speed, using a piece of equipment or a particular method
Fold => an area of skin that hangs in a loose way on someone’s body
Target => maqsad qilmoq
((202)) Portion => qism, ulush
Switch => to change from one thing to another, or to make something do this. [switch to] –He used to vote Conservative, but he switched to Labour in 1997.
Broil => to grill or barbecue food
Abandon => 4to stop something that you are doing or planning to do, especially because it is too difficult to continue. –
-After 20 lessons I finally abandoned my attempt to learn to drive.
Lifelong => continuing all through your life. -a lifelong friendship
Ingredient => one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal. -Mix all the ingredients together and place them in a shallow dish.
Refrain => to stop yourself from doing sth. -This word is often used in official announcements or signs. [refrain from]
-Please refrain from smoking in this area.
((203)) Envy => the unhappy feeling that you have when you want very much to do something that someone else does or to have something that they have. -He was sure that other drivers looked at him with envy.
Underweight => thinner and lighter than normal, especially in a way that is unhealthy. -Their son appeared underweight for his size and age.
Fill out => if someone fills out, their body becomes less thin. -Sam’s really filled out, hasn’t he?
Bulimia => a serious illness in which a person makes himself or herself vomit after eating in order to control his or her weight. (Bulimic adjective)
((204)) On the go => very busy or active. -I’ve been on the go since six o’clock this morning.
Brittle => a brittle substance or object is hard and can easily break into pieces. -Don’t pack fragile or brittle objects in your suitcase.
Binge => an occasion when someone does too much of something they enjoy, such as drinking. -He went on a drinking binge at the weekend.
Purge => to remove a bad or unpleasant condition or feeling from someone or something. -They were unable to purge the mistakes from the computer system.
Dehydration => a dangerous lack of water in the body resulting from not drinking enough or by sweating, vomiting, or having diarrhoea(an illness in which you pass solid waste from your body too often and in a liquid form)
Deficiency => a lack of something that your body needs(tanqislik, yetishmovchilik)
Eskimo => a member of the Inuit(a member of a group of people who live in northern Siberia, Canada, Alaska, and Greenland) people. This word is now sometimes considered offensive.
Blubber => a layer of fat around the body of a sea animal such as a whale or seal
Curb => to control or limit something that is harmful.-Increased interest rates should curb inflation.
((205)) Cracker => a type of thin dry hard biscuit often eaten with cheese
Casserole => a deep dish with a lid, used for cooking a mixture of meat, vegetables etc in the oven
Leftover => remaining after you have finished using the amount that you want or need
Tortilla => a type of thin flat Mexican bread that is often rolled or folded and filled with cheese, beans, or meat
((206)) Inadequate => not enough, or not good enough for a particular purposeinadequate provision of health care
Tuna => a large fish that lives in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Carton => a container for liquids that is made of stiff thick paper
Devilled => devilled food has a strong hot flavour
((207)) Substitute => to use something new or different instead of what is normally used.(o’rniga ishlatmoq) -Instead of using silicon, they have substituted a more flexible material.
Variety => a collection or number of people, things, ideas etc that are all different from one another. -People study yoga for a variety of reasons.
Monotonous => a monotonous sound or voice is boring and unpleasant because it does not change in loudness or become higher or lower. 2a. a monotonous job is very boring because you have to keep repeating the same thing
Tofu => a soft white food made from soya beans(the seed of a plant, used for making food and oil)
Soufflé => a food that you make with eggs and bake into a high round shape
Introduce => to start to use a new system, process, or law for the first time. -They intend to introduce legislation to prevent human cloning.
Appeal => if something appeals to you, you like it or want it. [appeal to] -The show’s direct approach will appeal to children.
((208)) Whopping => extremely large. -Sales grew last year by a whopping 78%.
Rehearse => to practise a play, concert, opera etc before giving a performance. -We’ve been rehearsing for weeks.
Choral => connected with or sung by a choir(a group of people singing together)
((209)) Shrimp => a small shellfish with a lot of legs
Rash => an area of small red spots on your skin, caused by an illness or an allergic reaction to something that you have touched, eaten etc
Hives => a medical condition in which you get red itchy spots on your skin, often because you have eaten a particular food. The medical name for this is urticaria.
Histamine => a natural substance produced by the body when it is fighting an infection or a poison
Toxic => poisonous and harmful to people, animals, or the environment
Conduct => to do something in an organized way. In ordinary speech it is more usual to say that someone carries something out
Eliminate => to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed. -Many infectious diseases have been virtually eliminated.
Crave => to want something very much and in a way that is very hard to controlskilled
Skilled => 1having the ability and experience to do something well. -Skilled negotiators ask questions and stick to the facts.
Insulin => a substance produced in your body that controls the level of sugar in your blood. People who have the disease diabetes do not produce enough insulin.
((210)) Regulate => to control an activity, process, or industry officially by using rules. -The proposal seeks to change the way the airline industry is regulated.(qonun b-n idora qilmoq). 2to control something so that it produces the results that you want. -Teachers are not able to regulate the temperature in their classrooms.(nazorat qilmoq)
Hypoglycaemia => a medical condition in which someone has a low level of sugar in their blood
Malfunction => to fail to work or operate correctly
Pancreas => the small organ in your body that produces substances that help your stomach to process food
Trigger = trigger off=> to make something happen. -The news of his death triggered more violence.
Shaky => feeling weak or unable to walk or move without shaking, for example because you are very ill. (shakiness)
Counteract => to reduce the negative effect of something by doing something that has an opposite effect. - Schools are taking action to counteract bullying.
Alter => to make something or someone different. -He altered his appearance with surgery.
Dizzy => feeling as if you or the things around you are spinning, especially when you think you are going to fall. -I felt dizzy and had to sit down.
Elevate => 2to increase the level of something. -Hormone treatment was shown to elevate cancer risk.
Pretzel => a type of cracker that people often eat between meals or with beer. It is baked in the shape of a stick or a knot and covered with salt.
((211)) Hemoglobin = haemoglobin => a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
Formation => the process during which something develops or is created. -the formation of stones in the kidneys
Bud => to produce buds(a part of a living thing that grows from it before separating and becoming a new organism)
((212)) Willpower => the ability to control your thoughts and behaviour in order to achieve something
Beforehand => before a particular event : used especially for talking about something done in preparation for the event. - If you do most of the cooking beforehand, you’ll enjoy the evening more.
Oz = ounce => a unit for measuring weight, equal to 28.35 grams. The written abbreviation for ounce is oz. -For this recipe you need six ounces of flour.
((213)) Gradual => gradual processes and changes happen slowly and by small amounts. - Any rise in water temperature will be gradual.
Log => to make an official record of things that happen. -The system automatically logs all long-distance phone calls.
Setback => a problem that delays or that stops progress or makes a situation worse. - Falling share prices may be another setback for the troubled economy.(omadsizlik, orqaga ketish)
Keep an eye on => to look after someone or something. - Will you keep an eye on things here until I get back?
Handy => close to you and therefore easy to reach or get to. [keep something handy] -Keep your pills handy just in case you feel seasick.(yaqin)
Monitor => to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find out what is happening. -a special machine to monitor the baby’s breathing.
Exhibit => to show a particular feeling, quality, ability, or form of behaviour. -She was exhibiting symptoms of stress.
Detect => to prove that something is present using scientific methods. -technology capable of detecting the smallest earth tremors
((214)) additive => a substance that is added in small amounts to something, especially food, in order to make it last longer, look more attractive, or improve it in some way
Emulsifier => a substance added to a food or drink to stop liquid and solid parts from separating
((215)) Wrestle => to fight by holding and pushing someone but without hitting with your fists, especially as a sport
Brand => a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company. The word for a machine or vehicle made by one particular company is a make
((217)) Frisbee => a round piece of plastic that you throw to another person in a game played outside
Arc => to move somewhere in the shape of an arc(a curved shape or line)
Tremendous => used for emphasizing that something such as an amount, achievement, or feeling is extremely great, important, or strong. -We have a tremendous amount of work to get through.
Sail => to move quickly and easily. -He sailed past us without even saying a word.
Spinal => relating to your spine(the row of bones down or along the middle of a human’s or animal’s back)
((218)) Coast => to continue to move in a car or on a bicycle after you have switched off the engine or have stopped pedalling with your legs
Stroller => a pushchair(a small vehicle in which you place a small child to push them along) for small children.
Neuron => a cell that sends messages to your brain and receives messages from your brain through electrical signals
Bound => if an area is bounded by a fence, trees, a river etc, this is what is around its edge. -The property is bounded on the north and east by a large residential neighbourhood.
((219)) Relay => to communicate information, news, or a message to someone. -Rose immediately relayed news of the accident to her boss.
Skull => the bones of the head. -a sheep’s skull
Cushion => if a soft object or substance cushions someone or something, it protects them from the effects of a fall or a hit. -Our landing was cushioned by deep snow.
Cerebrum => the front part of your brain that controls thinking, learning, and feeling. It is divided into two halves called cerebral hemispheres.
((220)) Walnut => a tree that produces nuts and wood.
Hemisphere => one half of the brain, divided between left and right
Cerebellum => the part of your brain that is responsible for your balance and movement
((221)) Stagger => to walk in an uncontrolled way, as if you are going to fall over
Medulla oblongata => the lowest part of your brain that is connected to your spinal cord and controls the way that your heart and lungs work
Spinal cord => the inner part of your spine that contains nerves going from your brain to the other parts of your body
Rod => a long thin cell in the retina in your eye. Rods make it possible for people and animals to see when there is not much light.
((222)) Branch => to leave the main part of something.-Lanes branch off the main road, leading to the coast.
Peripheral => connected with something but not a necessary or important part of it. -The talks made progress on peripheral issues, but failed to resolve the main dispute between the two sides.
Emerge => to come out of something or out from behind something. [emerge from] -After a few weeks, the caterpillar emerges from its cocoon.
Bump => a hit or knock to a part of your body. -She got a nasty bump on the back of her head.
Concussion => a head injury that makes someone feel ill or become unconscious for a short time
Dilate => if part of your body dilates, it becomes bigger and wider
Migraine => a very bad headache that often makes you unable to bear strong light. -He suffers from migraines.
Throb => if a painful part of your body throbs, the pain comes and goes again and again in a regular pattern
Nausea => the feeling that you are going to vomit
Blur => if a thing blurs, or if something blurs it, it becomes difficult to see it clearly, often because its edges are not clear. - With eyesight as poor as mine, faces blur into featureless ovals.
((223)) Cerebral palsy => a medical condition affecting someone’s control over their movement and speech, usually caused by damage to their brain before or during birth
Gear => to prepare something or make it suitable for a particular situation, group, or use(moslashtirmoq, mo;ljallamoq)
Precaution => ehtiyot chorasi
Engage in something => to take part in a particular activity, especially one that involves competing with other people or talking to them. - He has engaged in a dispute with his former business partner.
Headgear => things that you wear on your head. -protective headgear
((224)) Granted => used when you are admitting that something is true. -He is a good player, granted, but no better than Williams was.
Erect => to put something such as a fence in an upright position. -Police erected barriers around the crime scene.
Collapse in/​into/​onto => to let your body fall onto a chair, bed etc because you are very tired. -He collapsed in an exhausted heap.
Shield => to protect something, usually from being hit, touched, or seen
Flexible => eguluvchan
Osteoporosis => a medical condition in which your bones become more likely to break. It often affects older people, especially women.
Dense => a dense substance is very heavy in relation to its size
Marrow => the soft substance inside bones, where blood cells develop
((225)) Vertebral column => the main bone structure down your back that forms your spine
Sternum => the flat bone in the middle of your chest. A less technical word is breastbone.
Clavicle => one of the pair of bones that go across the top of your chest from your shoulder to the bottom of your neck. A less technical name for this is the collarbone.
Framework => sinch
Thigh => the top part of your leg, above your knee
((226)) pivot joint => a joint(part in the body where two bones meet) in which one bone turns around on another bone. This type of joint allows, for example, the head to turn from side to side.
Immovable => something that is immovable cannot be moved
Hinge => an object, usually made of metal, that fastens a door to a wall, or a lid to a container, and allows it to open and shut
Ball-and-socket joint => a joint in your body where the end of a bone that is curved outwards meets the end of a bone that is curved inwards and they move together
Fibrous => containing fibres, or similar to fibres
Ligament => a part inside your body that holds bones together or keeps organs in place
((227)) Shiver => if you shiver, your body shakes slightly, for example because you are cold or frightened
Strand => a single thin piece of something, for example wire, cotton, or hair. -She tucked a strand of hair behind her ear.
Tendon => one of the parts of your body that connects a muscle to a bone
Cardiac => connected with your heart. -The cause of death was cardiac failure.
Biceps => the muscle between your shoulder and elbow on the front of your arm that you use when you pull things towards you
Triceps => the muscle at the back of your upper arm
((228)) Humerus => the bone that connects your shoulder to your elbow
Fracture => a break or crack in a bone. - She was admitted to hospital with fractures of both legs.
Dislocate => to do something that forces a bone out of its normal position in its socket. -He had dislocated his shoulder in training.
Curvature => a medical condition in which a part of your body, usually your back, is curved too much
Polio => a serious infectious disease that mostly affects children. It destroys muscle and can cause paralysis(lack of movement in your arms and legs). Polio is a short form of the more technical word poliomyelitis.
Rheumatoid arthritis => a serious illness that permanently damages your joints by making them swell and become stiff and painful
Severe => jiddiy
Potassium => a soft white metal that is used, combined with other substances, for making soap and fertilizer
Shin => the lower front part of your leg, between your knee and your ankle
Calf => the thick back part of your leg between your knee and your ankle
Brace => an object that supports a part of your body and holds it in the correct position after you have injured it
((229)) Strain => an injury caused by twisting or stretching a muscle too much
Sprain => a painful injury that you get when you suddenly stretch or turn a joint too much
((230)) Rib cage => the bones that curve around the chest and protect organs such as the lungs and heart
Ventricle => one of the two lower parts of your heart that moves blood to the rest of your body
((231)) pulmonary => relating to your lungs
Circulation => the continuous movement of blood around your body
Atrium => each of the two upper spaces in your heart, which force blood into your ventricles(one of the two lower parts of your heart that moves blood to the rest of your body)
Aorta => the main artery that carries blood with a high oxygen level from your heart to other parts of your body
Oxygenate => to put oxygen into something
Systematic => done according to a careful plan and in a thorough way
Node => a round lump in your body formed from cells or tissue
Heartbeat => the movement or sound of your heart as it makes blood flow round your body
Backup => a copy of information on your computer that you make in case you lose the information
Pacemaker => a small piece of electronic equipment connected to someone’s heart to help the heart muscles move regularly
Malfunction => (v) to fail to work or operate correctly. (n) => a failure to work or operate correctly
Surgical => connected with medical operations, or used for medical operations
Branch off => to leave the main part of something
Contract => if a muscle contracts, it becomes tighter
((232)) Inhale => to breathe air, smoke, or other substances into your lungs
Larynx => the organ in your throat that contains your vocal cords, which produce sounds
Trachea => the tube at the back of your throat that air travels down. A less technical word is windpipe.
Bronchus => one of the two main tubes coming from your trachea that carry air into your lungs. It has many smaller tubes called bronchioles connected to it.
Subdivide => to divide the parts of something that has already been divided
((233)) Flatten => if something flattens, or if you flatten it, it becomes flat or flatter
Medulla oblongata => the lowest part of your brain that is connected to your spinal cord and controls the way that your heart and lungs work
Stem => to stop something from spreading or increasing, especially something bad
Cardiovascular => connected with the heart and the blood vessels
Paralysis => the loss of the ability to move your body or a part of it, usually because of an injury or illness
Malformed => badly formed or shaped
Malformation => a part of someone’s body that has not developed normally and has an unusual shape
((234)) Chill => very cold. -She shivered slightly in the chill February air.
Invade => 2to spread to a part of the body and cause damage there. -The infected cells can invade healthy tissue. 3 to get involved in someone’s life without their permission. -Closed-circuit TV cameras seem to be invading every aspect of our lives.
Mucous membrane => a thin layer of skin that covers some parts of your body, for example the inside of your nose, and produces mucus to prevent itself from becoming dry
Inflamed => a part of your body that is inflamed is swollen, red, and painful because of an infection or injury
Secrete => to produce a liquid such as saliva
Mucus => a liquid produced in some parts of your body, for example the inside of your nose
Hoarse => someone who is hoarse or has a hoarse voice speaks in a low rough voice, usually because their throat is sore
Susceptible => easily influenced or affected by something. [susceptible to] -Police officers here are very susceptible to corruption.
Elasticity => the ability of a substance to stretch easily and then return to its original shape quickly.(eguluvchan)
Wheeze => to breathe in a noisy way that is uncomfortable for you, usually because you are ill. -Cats’ fur makes me wheeze.
Bronchiole => a very small tube inside your lungs that is connected to one of your bronchi(the two main tubes inside each lung)
Spasm => a sudden movement in which one of your muscles becomes tight and painful. -Athletes know that cold weather can induce muscle spasms.
Clog => to block sth such as a pipe, tube, or passage, or to become blocked, so that nothing can get through. -The drain’s clogged again.(drain => kir, chiqindi suvlar chiqaradigan suv)
((235)) Constrict => to become smaller or narrower, or to make something do this. -His throat constricted making it difficult for him to speak.
Loosen => to become or make sth less firmly fixed in position. -To open it you simply loosen these two screws(sho’rp).
((236)) Peak => the time when something is at its highest or greatest level
Spa => 3a health club, especially one that has a swimming pool and a steam room
((237)) Exert => 2to put force or physical pressure on sth. -The heavy gate had exerted considerable pressure on the flimsy post.
Rake => to use a rake to make an area of soil level or to remove leaves from the ground
Shovel => to use a shovel(spade) to move something such as soil or snow
Sit-up => an exercise in which you lie on your back with your knees bent and raise your upper body then lie back down
Apt => something that is apt, especially a name, description, or comment, is very suitable. - It seemed apt that the winning goal was scored by the captain.
Stiff => if something that should move easily is stiff, it does not move or operate as easily as you expect. -The drawer was rather stiff, so I pulled at it.
Distribute => to give something such as food, clothes, or money to a group of people, especially so that each person gets an equal share. -The two men were convicted of distributing anti-government leaflets.
Cardio- => relating to the heart: used with some adjectives and nouns. -the hospital’s cardiology unit. -cardiovascular disease
Sturdy => strong and not easily hurt, damaged, or affected by what happens
Step up => to move forwards to a place where an official event is happening. -She stepped up to receive her prize.
((238)) Trunk => 4the part of your body between your waist and your head, not including your arms or head
Outstanding => extremely good or impressive
((239)) Component => tarkibiy qism, tashkil qiluvchi
Gear => to prepare something or make it suitable for a particular situation, group, or use
Stimulate => to encourage something to happen, develop, or improve. -The government should do more to stimulate investment in the north.
((242)) Pay off => if sth that you do pays off, it brings you some benefit. -All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.
Swing => to move, or to make something move, backwards and forwards or from one side to another, especially from a fixed point. -Swing your arms loosely at your sides.(silkitmoq)
Martial art => a sport that is a traditional Asian form of fighting such as karate, judo, or kung fu
Aerobics => very active physical exercises done while listening to music, often in a class
((244)) Calisthenics => exercises that you do without special equipment to make your body stronger, thinner, and more healthy
Squash => a game in which two players use rackets to hit a small ball against a wall. You play squash on an indoor area called a court.
Racquetball => an indoor game in which two players use small rackets to hit a ball
Workout => an occasion when you do physical exercise
Endorphin => a type of hormone produced in the body that reduces pain, especially when you are injured or physically tired
Tailor => someone who makes clothes for men, especially clothes designed to fit individual customers
((246)) Efficiency => the ability to work well and produce good results by using the available time, money, supplies etc in the most effective way
Stamina => the ability to work hard or to make a lot of effort over a long period of time without getting tired. -I don’t have the stamina to work all night.
Summarize => to provide a short account of the most important facts or features of something. -After summarizing the main arguments, she asked us to vote.
Skip => to jump over a rope that you or two other people swing above your head and then under your feet
Mph => miles per hour: a unit for measuring the speed at which a vehicle is traveling
((248)) Sprint => to run, swim etc at a very fast speed for a short period
Isotonic => 2used for describing a type of exercise in which the muscles remain equally tense as you make them tighter, for example when lifting weights
Isometric => isometric exercises involve isometrics(physical exercises in which you make your muscles stronger by pushing your arms or other parts of your body against each other or against something fixed)
Rehabilitate => to help someone to give up drugs or alcohol, so that they can return to a healthy, independent, and useful life. -The new scheme is aimed at rehabilitating local heroin addicts.
((249)) Rating => a measurement of how good or popular someone or sth is. -The guide gives restaurants a rating out of 10.
Trim => a trim person looks healthy and thin in an attractive way
Alert => able to think in a clear and intelligent way. -She’s remained physically fit and mentally alert. (ziyrak)
Brisk=> moving or acting quickly. -We went for a brisk walk.
((250)) Tailored => made for a particular purpose, situation, or need. -individually tailored training programmes
Solitary => done or experienced by someone who is alone. -Mathematical research is a largely solitary pursuit.
Modification => a small change to sth, especially to a machine, system, or plan. -The new proposals need some modification.
((251)) Intensity => strength
Parlor = parlour => a name used by some businesses for the shop or room where they do their business.(biror narsaga ixtisoslashgan) -an ice cream parlour
Implement => to make sth such as an idea, plan, system, or law start to work and be used.(amalgam oshirmoq, ijrosini taminlamoq) -The agreement was signed but its recommendations were never implemented.
((252)) Subtract => to take a number or amount from another number or amount. The symbol for this is – and is called a minus sign. -How much will it be if we subtract the labour costs? [subtract something from sth] -If you subtract 80 from 100, you get 20.
Multiply => to add a number to itself a particular number of times. [multiply sth by sth] -If you multiply 3 by 3, you get 9
((253)) Moderate => neither very great nor very small in amount, size, strength, or degree. -Cook the spinach over a moderate heat.
((254)) Strain => to injure yourself by twisting or stretching a muscle too much. -I’ve strained a muscle in my shoulder.
Spectator' => someone who watches a public activity or event, especially a sports event. -The final game attracted a crowd of over 50,000 spectators.
Penalty => a punishment for breaking a rule or law. [penalty for] -The maximum penalty for the offence is two years’ imprisonment.
Hostility => opposition to sth. [hostility to/​towards]. -There is always some hostility to new technology.(norozilik)
((255)) Sustained => continuing at the same level or rate for a long time. -sustained economic development
Abrupt => sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way. -Our friendship came to an abrupt end.
Pool => to share sth such as money, ideas, equipment etc with a group of people, especially so that they can work more effectively together. -It seemed sensible for us to pool our resources.
Light-headed => feeling as though you might fall down or become unconscious, for example because you are drunk
Exertion => great physical or mental effort. -You can expect sore muscles after a lot of physical exertion.
Sneaker => a trainer that you wear for playing sports. Trainers => strong, comfortable shoes which are designed for doing sports in, but which many people wear as informal clothing
Cushion => a cloth bag filled with something soft such as feathers, used for making a seat more comfortable
Sole => the sole person or thing is the only one of a particular type. - His sole purpose in going there was to see Kelly.
Canvas => strong heavy cotton cloth used for making tents, shoes, and sails
Heel => the back part of your foot, below your ankle. -I’ve got a sore heel.
((257)) Glycogen => a form of glucose that is found especially in the liver and muscles
((258)) Track => to follow the development or progress of something
Measurement => to follow the development or progress of something
((260)) Pent up => pent up emotions are strong feelings, for example anger, that you do not express so that they gradually become more difficult to control. -pent up excitement/​frustration/​fear
Circadian => relating to a period of 24 hours, especially to the changes in people’s or animals’ bodies that happen during this period
Dexterity => great skill in using your hands or your mind
Nap => to sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day
Flicker => to make a sudden small movement. -His eyelids flickered slightly.
Drowsy => feeling that you want to sleep. -Some cough medicines can make you feel drowsy.
((261)) Revitalize => to make someone feel healthy again
Elapsed time => the amount of time that has passed since a particular process started, especially compared with the amount of time that was calculated for it in a plan
Narcolepsy => a medical condition that makes you fall asleep very suddenly
((262)) Hallucination => something that you think you can see or hear that is not really there, especially because of an illness or the effect of drugs
Catalepsy => a medical condition in which you become unconscious and your body becomes stiff and fixed in position
Disorientate => to make someone confused about where they are or what direction they are moving in. -The sudden drop in altitude disorientated the young pilot.
Ventilation => the movement of fresh air around a room or building, or a system that allows this to happen
Strenuous => a strenuous activity is one in which it is necessary for you to use a lot of effort, energy, or strengthThe job involves strenuous work and long hours.
((264)) Grasp => to take and hold something or someone very tightly. -She grasped his hand and pulled him towards her.
((265)) Hamstring => a tendon(one of the parts of your body that connects a muscle to a bone) behind your knee
Calf => 2the thick back part of your leg between your knee and your ankle
Stride => a long confident step. -In three strides he had crossed the room.
Simultaneous => happening or done at the same time. -In simultaneous announcements, the two men resigned from their jobs.
Tuck => to put an arm, leg, or other part of your body into a position where it is not sticking out or sticking up. - Keep your elbows tucked firmly into your sides.
((267)) Evidence => facts or physical signs that help to prove sth. -Evidence shows that global warming is definitely occurring.
((269)) Cute => sexually attractive
((271)) Endocrine gland => an organ in your body that produces hormones that go directly into your blood or into your lymph(a clear liquid in your body that cleans your tissues and helps to remove harmful bacteria from your blood) vessels
Reproduction => the process of having babies or of producing young animals or plants
Crack a joke => to tell a joke
Chuckle => to laugh quietly, especially in a private or secret way
Glance => 1to look somewhere quickly and then look away
Stretch out => to move an arm or a leg away from your body in order to reach something
Freckle => a small brown spot on your skin. A permanent raised brown spot on your skin is called a mole.
((272)) Giant => a man who is much taller and stronger than most me
Thermostat => a piece of equipment that controls the temperature in a building, machine, or engine
Sperm => a cell from a man that fertilizes the egg inside a woman’s body and makes her pregnant. A).the liquid from a man’s penis that contains sperm
Breast => one of the two round soft parts on the front of a woman’s body that produce milk when she has a baby
((273)) The hypothalamus => a small area on the lower part of your brain that controls your heartbeat and body temperature and also affects your pituitary gland(the small organ at the base of your brain that produces the substances your body needs to control its growth and development. The pituitary gland is often simply called the pituitary.).
Thyroid = thyroid gland => an organ in your neck that produces substances that your body needs in order to control your behaviour and the way that your body grows
Adrenal gland => one of two small organs above your kidneys that produce adrenalin
Pancreas => the small organ in your body that produces substances that help your stomach to process food
Ovary => one of the two organs in the body of a woman or other female animal that produce eggs and the sex hormones progesterone and oestrogen. Eggs travel from the ovaries down the fallopian tubes to the uterus. If the eggs are fertilized, an embryo will develop.
Pituitary gland => the small organ at the base of your brain that produces the substances your body needs to control its growth and development. The pituitary gland is often simply called the pituitary.
((274)) Puberty => the stage of development when a child changes physically into an adult
Sex drive => the feeling of wanting or needing to have sex
Menstrual => relating to a woman’s periods
Uterus => the organ in a woman’s body where babies grow. A less technical name for this is womb
Maintenance => 2the process of continuing something or keeping it in existence
Mammary gland => an organ in a woman’s breast that produces milk, or the similar organ in a female animal
((275)) oversee => to watch something in order to check that it works or happens in the way that it should
Bow tie => a narrow piece of cloth that a man puts around his collar and ties into a bow, usually for special occasions
Iodine => a dark chemical that is put on cuts in the skin to prevent infection
Onset => the beginning of something, especially something bad
((277)) Testosterone => a chemical substance produced in the body that causes men to develop the physical features that are typical of males. Testosterone is a type of hormone.
Unite => to join people, groups, or countries together
Fertilization => the process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant
Coccyx => the small bone at the bottom of your spine(the row of bones down your back)
Rectum => the lowest part of the tube through which solid waste leaves your body
Pubic => connected with the area around the sexual organs
Hip bone => one of the two circular bones that make up the pelvis
Prostate => prostate gland => the organ in a man’s body that produces a liquid that combines with and carries sperm
Foreskin => the loose skin that covers the end part of a man’s penis if he has not had the skin removed in an operation called a circumcision
Scrotum => the bag of skin containing a man’s testicles(one of two round male sex organs that hang in a bag of skin behind the penis)
Semen => the liquid that contains sperm produced by the male sex organs
((278)) Erection => a man’s penis when it is stiff, usually because he is sexually excited
Erect => 2an erect penis or nipple is stiff and sticks out or up
Ejaculate => if a man ejaculates, semen comes out of his penis during sex
wet dream => a dream involving sex that causes a man to ejaculate while he is sleeping
emission => a substance, especially a gas, that goes into the air
nocturnal => nocturnal animals are active at night rather than during the day
glans => the head of the penis
duct => a pipe or tube in a building that carries something such as air or protects wires
((279)) lubricate => to put oil on the parts of a machine that move to make them move more smoothly
Passageway => a long narrow area with walls on each side that leads from one room or place to another
Wiggle => to make short quick movements from side to side, or to move something in this way
Propel => to move or push someone or something forward
((280)) Sterile => someone who is sterile is not able to produce children
Undescended testes => ….
Hormone => a chemical substance produced in animals and plants that controls things such as growth and sexual development
Hernia => a medical condition in which an organ pushes itself through the wall of muscles around it
Testicular => relating to the testicles
Groin => 1the area where your legs join the front of your body
((282)) Hip => one of the two parts at either side of your body between your waist and the top of your legs
Cervix => the entrance to the womb the part of a woman’s body where a baby can grow
Vagina => a woman’s main sex organ, consisting of a tube that connects the outer sex organs to the womb
Oviduct => a tube in a woman’s body that takes eggs from an ovary to her uterus
((283)) Fallopian tube => one of the two tubes in a woman’s body that carry eggs produced in her ovaries to her womb
menstrual cycle => the repeated process in which a woman’s womb prepares for pregnancy. It ends in a period if she does not get pregnant. The menstrual cycle usually lasts about a month.
((285)) Tampon => an object that a woman puts inside her vagina to collect the blood during her period monthly flow of blood
Pains => that a woman sometimes gets during her period
Heating => the process of making something warm
Menopause => the time in a woman’s life when her periods stop and she is no longer capable of getting pregnant
Pelvic => relating to your pelvis(the large circular bones that support the lower part of your back and are connected to the bones of your legs)
Belly button => a person’s navel(a small round place in the middle of someone’s stomach where they were separated from their mother at birth. A more informal word is belly button.)
Beam => a line of light or other form of energy
Pinpoint => very accurate and exact
Precision => the quality of being very accurate and exact
Discharge => a liquid that comes out from a part of someone’s body when they are ill
((286)) Toxic shock syndrome => a serious illness that can be connected to the use of tampons
Menstruate => if a woman menstruates, she has a flow of blood from her womb, usually once a month
Diarrhea => diarrhoea (an illness in which you pass solid waste from your body too often and in a liquid form)
Boating => the activity of travelling in a small boat on a lake or river for enjoyment
Cyst => a lump containing liquid that grows under your skin or inside your body
((287)) Pap smear = Pap test => a cervical smear(a medical test in which cells are taken from a woman’s cervix to check for cancer. The American word is Pap smear.)
Perspire => to produce liquid on your skin as a result of being hot, ill, or nervous
Spray => if you spray a liquid, or if it sprays, it is forced out of a container through a small hole into the air
Douche => a method of washing inside a part of someone’s body, especially a woman’s vagina, using a narrow stream of liquid
((288)) Reverse => opposite to what is usual or to what existed previously
Inspect => to look at something carefully in order to check that it is correct or good enough
Swelling => an area of your body that has increased in size as a result of an injury or an illness
Dimple => a small area on the surface of something that goes inwards
Concentric => concentric circles all have the same centre
Gynecologist = Gynaecologist => a doctor who treats medical conditions and diseases that affect women and their reproductive organs
((290)) Chromosome => a structure that looks like a very small piece of string and that exists, usually as one of a pair, in the central part of all living cells. Chromosomes contain genes.
Dominant => a dominant gene causes someone to be born with particular genetic features, even if it is only present in one parent
((291)) Turn-up => a fold at the bottom of the leg of a pair of trousers
sickle-cell anaemia => a blood disease that mainly affects black people
recessive => a recessive gene is one that needs to be present in both parents in order to produce a particular feature or quality in a child
((292)) Infants => the youngest children in the UK school system, between the ages of four and seven
Retard => to slow down or delay the development or progress of something. -Lack of protein may retard children’s growth.
Cystic fibrosis => a serious medical condition that makes it very difficult for you to breathe and mainly affects children
Colour-blind =>unable to see the difference between some colours, especially red and green, because of a medical condition
Hemophilia => haemophilia => a serious illness that prevents your blood from clotting becoming thick when it should, for example when you cut yourself
Clot => to have blood flowing from your body, for example from a cut
Plasma => the yellowish liquid that is part of blood
Transfusion => a medical treatment in which blood from one person is put into another person’s body
((293)) Distinctive => easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type
Range => 2the limits within which a person or organization is able to deal effectively with something
((295)) Regulate => to control an activity, process, or industry officially by using rules. -How are hormone levels regulates.
Menstruate => if a woman menstruates, she has a flow of blood from her womb, usually once a month
Steroid => a chemical that is produced in the body or made as a drug. Steroids can act as hormones or be used for treating conditions such as swelling, or, illegally, by athletes to improve their performance.