Globalization and its effect on culture

Globalization and its effect on culture
The modern world is a time of cultural change, an era of globalization, the process of which is a new stage in the development of society, a new form of existence of society. The globalization of society today is one of the important trends in the development of civilization, which has an impact on all spheres of society: culture, politics, education, science, and economics. In other words, globalization depends on the scientific, technological and economic development of the country. The most important changes will take place in the sphere of culture. Globalization in the field of culture, of course, has positive and negative consequences. The negative ones include the fact that cultural globalization leads to the further displacement of high culture and the complete dominance of mass culture, to the erosion of cultural diversity, demassovization.
The positive side of globalization is the establishment of cultural ties with the help of a universal information space. With the help of information technologies, various cultures penetrate into all points of our planet, respectively, the rapprochement of states and the development of national economies. It is not globalization as a whole that has a direct impact on culture, but information technology, accessible computerization, and Internet resources. The era of transition to the new millennium can be characterized as an unprecedented development of various means of communication, the formation of an integrative culture of the world. In this case, they say that the era of a new information culture is coming. In such conditions, the main and fundamental importance for the fate of civilization acquires the establishment of a system of values ​​that are oriented, first of all, to humanistic ideals, to ensure a favorable living environment for current and future generations [4, p. 90]. Information culture penetrates widely into our society. Cultural globalization gives humanity a wide choice of cultural symbols and institutions that have great potential for the development of society. The dissemination of cultural information gives people an idea of ​​other styles and ways of life. The groups drawn into the process of globalization are the carriers of not one or even two cultures, but a multitude of cultures in general. Along with this, many researchers believe that it is possible to form a new global culture or even several cultures, bearing in mind the standards of the most rapidly developing and spreading cultures [3]. Others are sure that the idea of ​​a “global culture” is more utopian than realistic. The globalization of people's social ties takes them beyond the limits of a certain culture, attaches them to the standards of other cultures. “The spheres of consumption, leisure and entertainment, the so-called mass culture, are becoming more and more homogeneous all over the world, differing little in their “content” in societies belonging to different civilizations. These aspects of globalization are of the most obvious, everyday observable nature and create the basis for the theory of the universal Westernization of the world, for such metamorphic concepts as “McDonaldization” (McDonald’s eateries can be found all over the world with exactly the same menu and design). Less conspicuous, but no less significant, are the phenomena of cultural globalization in the spheres of production, business, and education” [1]. The basis for the dialogue of religions is now the question that it is necessary to harmonize the values ​​of various civilizations and develop a global ethics of humanity. The United Nations is already working on such projects. Interaction, dialogue of cultures will lead to mutual enrichment, which can have a beneficial effect on building a new world order. The global world must preserve cultural diversity and respect the right of every people to act in accordance with their own cultural ideals and values. Such a project of the future is often called glocalization, i.e., the synthesis of modernized local cultures with the achievements of the emerging global culture, which occurs with the mutual enrichment of cultures. The history of mankind is the history of development, interaction and dialogue of different cultures. With the development of mass media, there is interaction, interpenetration of different cultures, understanding of the characteristics of various national cultures. The problem of understanding, which starts from interpersonal communication and ends with the communication of cultures, is of particular importance. And, despite the difference in national cultures, there is always an opportunity for their dialogue.