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Istihsan (
):
It is a doctrine of Islamic law that allows
exception
to strict legal reasoning, or guiding choice among possible legal
outcomes, when considerations of human welfare so demand.
Israf (
):
It refers to immoderateness, exaggeration and waste and
covers spending on lawful objects but exceeding moderation
in quantity or
quality; spending on superfluous objects while necessities are unmet;
spending on objects which are incompatible with the economic standard of
the majority of the population. See also Tabzir
Istisna’a (
):
It is a contractual
agreement for manufacturing
goods and commodities, allowing cash payment in advance and future
delivery or a future payment and future delivery.
A manufacturer or builder
agrees to produce or build a well described good or building at a given price
on a given date in the future. Price can be paid in installments,
step by step
as agreed between the parties. Istisna’a can be used for providing the facility
of financing the manufacture or construction of houses, plants, projects, and
building of bridges, roads and highways.
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