Grammar and Language Workbook

Draw a line under the root of each word. Define each word, using a dictionary if
necessary. If there is more than one meaning, use the one that emphasizes the root.
aquaphobe
one who has a fear of water
1. jury 
2. advise 
3. biosphere 
4. trajectory 
5. monogram 
6. degenerate 
7. terra-cotta 
8. verbose 
9. introspection 
10. telescopic 
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11. fixation 
12. regimented 
13. definitive 
14. parapsychology 
15. culpable 
16. pedestal 
17. pediatrics 
18. pathogenic 
19. incognito 
20. inclination 
21. operative 
22. chronological 
23. pseudonym
24. biomass 
25. metricate 
26. analog
27. astral 
28. justification 
29. aquaculture 
30. adjunct 
31. hydraulic 
32. distract 
33. manacles 
34. epigram 
35. nurture 
36. intercede 
37. psychosis 
38. congenital 
39. equinox 
40. pastorate 
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Lesson 98
Building Vocabulary: Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes 
are attached to the beginnings of roots or words to change their meaning. They
may show quantity, size, negation, time, direction, or position.
PREFIX
MEANING
PREFIX
MEANING
post-
after
pre-, pro-
before
re-
again
syn-
together
a-, an-
not, without
ant-, anti-
against
de-, dis-
do the opposite
non-, un-
not
semi-, hemi-
half
bi-, di-
two
uni-, mono-
one
cent-
hundred
circum-
around
in-, im-
into or not
sub-
below, outside of
trans-
across, over
Suffixes 
are added to the end of a root or a word to make a new word with a new
meaning. A suffix may change the part of speech of a word.
SUFFIX
MEANING
SUFFIX
MEANING
-ee
receiver of action
-ance, -ence
state, quality
-ant, -eer
agent, doer
-ist
one who
-ness
action, state
-tion, -ion
the act of 
-ate
become, form
-en
make, cause to be
-ify
cause, make
-ize
make, cause to be
-ic
characteristic of
-ous, -ful
full of, having
-ial
relating to
-al 
characterized by
-ly
akin to
-less 
lacking
 Exercise 1
Draw a line under at least one prefix or suffix in each word. Write the meaning of
the prefix or suffix in the first blank and the meaning of the word in the second. Use a dictionary
if necessary. 
circumnavigate
[ 
around
]
to sail or fly completely around
1. prejudge
[ 
]
2. improper
[ 
]
3. subliminal
[ 
]
4. hypersensitive
[ 
]
5. transmit
[ 
]
6. uniform
[ 
]
7. monotheist
[ 
]
8. embed
[ 
]
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}
}
}
noun-forming
verb-forming
adjective-forming

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9. antithesis
[ 
]
10. ingrate
[ 
]
11. payee
[ 
]
12. recipient
[ 
]
13. accordance
[ 
]
14. imitation
[ 
]
15. unction
[ 
]
16. fallacious
[ 
]
17. cranial
[ 
]
18. fallible
[ 
]
19. solemnize
[ 
]
20. flautist
[ 
]
21. expatriate
[ 
]
22. misperceive
[ 
]
23. predate
[ 
]
24. capable
[ 
]
25. ornate
[ 
]
26. bucolic
[ 
]
27. hyperextend
[ 
]
28. deify
[ 
]
29. auctioneer
[ 
]
30. marginal
[ 
]
31. odious
[ 
]
32. agitator
[ 
]
33. severance
[ 
]
34. perambulate
[ 
]
35. vengeful
[ 
]
36. secrecy
[ 
]
37. amoral
[ 
]
38. commute
[ 
]
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Vocabulary and
Spelling

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Lesson 99
Basic Spelling Rules: I
PREFIXES
Adding a prefix does not change the spelling of the original word. Use a hyphen when
the original word is capitalized or with the prefixes ex- (meaning previous or former),
self-, and all-.
anti- + social = antisocial
un- + stable = unstable
self- + serve = self-serve
non- + British = non-British
ex- + director = ex-director
all- + around = all-around
SUFFIXES
Most words do not change spelling when a suffix is added. When adding -ly to a word
that ends in a single l, keep the l. If the word ends in a double l, drop one l. If the word
ends in a consonant + le, drop the le.
partial + -ly = partially
dull + -ly = dully
dangle + -ly = dangly
Drop a final silent e before a suffix that begins with a vowel. Keep the silent e before
adding a suffix beginning with a consonant.
line + -er = liner
value + -able = valuable
infinite + -ly = infinitely
Exceptions: judge + -ment = judgment
argue + -ment = argument
due + -ly = duly
Keep the final e when the word ends in -ee or -oe, before the suffix -ing, and with words
ending in -ce or -ge that have suffixes beginning with a or o.
see + -ing = seeing
woe + -ful = woeful
trace + -able = traceable
Double the final consonant if the original word is a one-syllable word, if the accent
remains on the last syllable of the original word after the suffix is added, or if the original
word is a prefixed one-syllable word. 
stop, stopped
regret, regretting
reset, resetting
Do not double the final consonant if the accent is not on the last syllable, if the accent
shifts when the suffix is added, if the final consonant is x or w, or when the original word
ends in a consonant and the suffix begins with a consonant.
confer, conference
row, rowing
ship, shipment
 Exercise 1
Write the word that results when the given prefix or suffix is added to the supplied
word. Check your dictionary for variations in spelling.
sight + -ing
sighting
1. dis- + like 
2. counter- + productive
3. ex- + wife 
4. un- + American 
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5. mortal + -ly 
6. smell + -ly 
7. tingle + -ly 
8. whine + -er 
9. true + -ism 
10. polite + -ness 
11. pollute + -ing 
12. grace + -ful 
13. pine + -ing 
14. advance + -ment
15. supreme + -acy 
16. flee + -ing 
17. stop + -er 
18. repel + -ent 
19. defer + -ence 
20. allow + -ance 
21. full + -ly 
22. excel + -ent 
23. change + -able 
24. mix + -ing 
25. serve + -ile 
26. confer + -ing 
27. place + -ment 
28. propel + -er 
29. remit + -ance 
30. infer + -ence 
31. obscure + -ly 
32. hoe + -ing 
33. flow + -ing 
34. due + -ly 
35. member + -ship 
36. style + -ize 
37. complete + -tion 
38. replace + -able 
39. argue + -ment 
40. austere + -ity 
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Vocabulary and
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 Writing Link
Choose ten verbs not found in this exercise, make them into nouns, and use them
to write a coherent paragraph.

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Lesson 100
Basic Spelling Rules: II 
PLURALS
Add -s to most nouns (including proper nouns) to form the plural. Add -es to nouns ending in
-ch, -s, -sh, -x, or -z. When a noun ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add -es. Some
nouns ending in -f (especially -lf ) become plural by changing the f to v and adding -es.
girl + -s = girls
fox + -es = foxes
bush + -es = bushes
country + -es = countries
wharf + -es = wharves
puff + -s = puffs
thief + -es = thieves
calf + -es = calves
Some nouns have irregular formations for the plural, and some are the same for both
singular and plural.
ox + -en = oxen
goose, geese
moose, moose
deer, deer
WORDS WITH IE AND EI
The i comes before the e except when both follow a c or when they are sounded together
as an a
– sound, as in weigh. However, there are many exceptions.
shriek (i before e)
receive (e before i)
deign (a
–
sound)
leisure (exception)
WORDS WITH -CEDE AND -CEED
Three words end with -ceed: exceed, proceed, and succeed. Most words that end with a
s–
ed sound use the root -cede. Supersede is the exception.
secede
accede
concede