Grammar book for teaching

RELATIVE CLAUSES – СИФАТ ЭРГАШ ГАПЛАР

1. 
   Сифат эргаш гаплар бошка сифатлар сингари бош гап таркибидаги отни изохлайди, у хакида ахборот беради ва одатда узи изохлаётган отдан кейин келади. Сифат эргаш гапнинг уз эгаси ва уз кесими булиши керак, яъни эргаш гапнинг узи мустакил гап була олиши керак.
   

Is that the woman whom you told me about?

^сифат

Please give me the letter that he left in his briefcase.

^сифат

Юкоридаги мисолларда сифатлар (сифат эргаш гаплар) woman ва letter отларини изохлаб келган ва хар бирининг уз эга, кесими мавжуд. Сифат эргаш гаплар бош гап таркибидаги эгани ёки тулдирувчини изохлаши мумкин. Сифат эргаш гап бош гап таркибидаги кайси сузни изохласа уша суздан сунг жойлаштирилади:

The book that I wanted had already been checked out.

^{S сифат}

The movie that we saw yesterday was fantastic.

^{S сифат}

The people whom we visited last month were very nice.

^{S сифат}

The music which I listen to every day is very famous.

^{S сифат}
The building where he lives is very old.

^{S сифат}

Юкоридаги гапларда сифат сифат эргаш гаплар эга вазифасидаги отларни изохламокда. Куйидаги гапларда сифат тулдирувчини изохлайди. Уларни таккосланг.

I met the woman whose husband is the president of the company.

^{С сифат}

Have you seen the term paper that David is writing?

^{С сифат}

I know the man who had a bad car crash yesterday.

^{С сифат}

The boy didn’t buy the bicycle that cost $ 75.

^{С сифат}

We are studying sentences that contain adjective clauses

^{С сифат}

Бош гапга эргаш гапни боглаш учун махсус богловчи олмошлар (relative pronouns) дан фойдаланамиз. Улaр куйидагилар:

Богловчи Олмош	Вазифаси	Мисоллар
Who	object / subject (people)	A neurologist is a doctor who (subject) specializes in the nervous system. The man who (complement) I (subject) saw told me to come back today.
whom	object (people)	This is the patient whom (complement) the doctor (subject) treated. Various people whom (complement) we (subject) weren't expecting turned up at the meeting.
whose	possessive (people / things)	People whose rents have been raised can appeal. The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. The book whose cover is very beautiful is mine.
which	subject / object (things)	That is topic which (subject) interests me. That is the topic on which (object of preposition) I will write. I tried to suggest ways in which (object of preposition) the plans could be improved, but he slapped me down.
That	subject/object (people/ things)	Art that (subject) is in public places can be enjoyed by everyone. The painting that (complement) Ms.Wallace (subject) bought was very expensive.
where	(place)	The site where the bank plans to build its new head quarters is in a seismic zone.
when	(time)	I will never forget the day when I met you.

NOTE: who, whom, which, that эргаш гапнинг тулдирувчиси булган холда ихтиёрий равишда тушириб колдирилиши мумкин.

The man who / whom I saw told me to come back today. = The man I saw told me to come back today.

The girls whom / who / that he employs are always complaining. = The girls he employs are always complaining.

Did you see his cap which he was wearing? = Did you see his cap he was wearing?

The car which/that I hired broke down. = The car I hired broke down.
Куйидаги мисолларда who, which, that ни ихтиёрий равишда тушириб колдириб булмайди, чунки улар эргаш гапда эга вазифасида кулланилган.

The man who robbed you has been arrested.

The girls who serve in the shop are the owner’s daughters

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.

Would anyone who saw the accident please get in touch with the police.

Everyone who / that knew him liked him.

Nobody who / that watched the match will never forget it.

This is the picture which / that caused such a sensation.

The stairs which / that lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
all, everything, little, much, none, no хамда орттирма даражадаги сузлардан сунг which эмас that кулланилиши керак.

All the apples that fall are eaten by pigs.

This is the best hotel that attracts most tourists in this town.

2. 
   WHO, WHOM, THAT, WHICH – OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
   

Юкоридаги сузлар (богловчи олмошлар) предлогларнинг объекти булиб кулланилса ва предлог гапнинг сунгига жойлаштирилса уларни ихтиёрий равишда тушириб колдирилиши мумкин:

Do you know the man who / that / whom I spoke to? =

Do you know the man I spoke to?

The man who / that / whom I bought it from told me to oil it. = The man I bought it from told me to oil it.

The friend who / that / whom I was traveling with spoke French. = The friend I was traveling with spoke French.

The ladder which / that I was standing on began to sleep. = The ladder I was standing on began to sleep.
Юкоридаги гапларда предлогни богловчи олмош олдига утказиш хам мумкин. У холда факат whom ва whichдан богловчи олмош сифатида фойдаланамиз (that ва who кулланилмайди). Шу билан бирга whom / which тушириб колдирилмайди:

preposition + whom / which

Do you know the man to whom I spoke?

The man from whom I bought it told me to oil it.

The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.

The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.

• 
  Чегараламовчи сифат эргаш гапларга доир кушимча курилмалар:
  

all / both / few / most / several /

some / one / two / three / only a few / none / many

+ of + whom / which

1. 
   The organization hired many specialists. Most of them are marketologists.
   

The organization hired many specialists, most of whom are marketologists

2. 
   The seismologists checked the conditions of the buildings in the town. Several of them were run-down.
   
3. 
   The seismologists checked the conditions of the buildings in the town. Several of which were run-down.
   
4. 
   I offered two interpreters. Both of them speak English fluently
   

I offered two interpreters, both of which speak English fluently

5. 
   Both of her sons work abroad, but they ring her up every week.
   

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.

6. 
   He went with a group of people; few of them were correctly equipped for such a
   

climb.

7. 
   Most of the buses were full; and / but they were surrounded by an angry crowd. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
   
8. 
   I met the fruit-pickers; several of them were university students.
   

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students.

9. 
   I picked up the apples; some of them were badly bruised
   

I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised.

10. 
    The house was full of boys; ten of them were his own grandchildren.
    

The house was full of boys, ten of whom were his own grandchildren.

noun + of + which / whom

1. 
   The biotechnology engineers are engaged in significant experiments. The results of the experiments will be published in the Times.
   

The biotechnology engineers are engaged in the significant experiments, the results of which will be published in the Times.

2. 
   Uzbekistan is dependant on it is income from cotton. The price of cotton varies
   

according to fluctuations in the world market.

Uzbekistan is dependent on it is income from cotton, the price of which varies

according to fluctuations in the world market.

1. 
   We are carrying out a project. The purpose of the project is strengthening &
   

developing international relations at universities.

We are carrying out the project, the purpose of which (ёки whose purpose) is

strengthening and developing international relations at universities.

4) The address of Andreas was written incorrectly due to a technical mistake.

This is Andreas, the address of whom was written incorrectly due to technical mistake.