Group: 023 Student: Toshniyozova Muxlisa Independent work on the topic

Group: 2023
Student: Toshniyozova Muxlisa
Independent work 2 on the topic: Language and speech; their levels and units.

1. 
   What is the difference between language and speech?
   

Language is a collective body of knowledge, it is a set of basic elements, but these elements can form a great variety of combinations. In fact, the number of these combinations is endless. Speech is closely connected with language, as it is the result of using the language, the result of a definite act of speaking. Speech is individual, personal while language is common for all individuals.

2. 
   What is the difference between their levels and units? Answer the question defining each.
   

The most wide - spread opinion is that there are five language (speech) units and respectively there are five language (speech) levels, they are: phonetic/phonological; morphological; lexicological, syntax - minor and syntax - major. The levels and their units are as follows:
1. phonological/phonetical level: phoneme/phone
2. morphological level: morpheme/morph
3. lexicological level: lexeme/lex
4. Syntax - minor: sentence
5. Syntax - major: text

3. 
   Find or create speech of a criminal, teenager and a salesman; analyze dividing into speech and language as in the sample:
   

Opening Speech for the Defense by Edward Carson,
attorney for Queensberry (April 4-5,1895)
May it Please you, my lord, gentleman of the jury. In appearing in this case for Lord Queensberry I cannot but feel that a very grave responsibility rests upon me. So far as Lord Queensberry is concerned, in any act he has done, in any letter he has written, or in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, he withdraws nothing. He has done all those things with a premeditation and a determination, at all risks, and at all hazards to try to save his son.
Language is formal and specific to the court: lord, gentleman of the jury, appearing in this case, a very grave responsibility rests upon, in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, withdraw, premeditation, a determination, and hazards.
Speech:
Very polite at the same time formal: May it Please you, my lord, gentleman of the jury. In appearing in this case;
Confident and admitting: I cannot but feel that a very grave responsibility rests upon me, in any act he has done, in any letter he has written, or in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, he withdraws nothing, he has done all those things
Persuasive with the help of synonyms: a premeditation and a determination, at all risks, and at all hazards to try to save his son.
Speech of a criminal:
The murder was committed in Kercher and Knox’s rental apartment which they shared with two Italian students while attending classes at the University for Foreigners c. In a community comprised of 34,000 students, 3,000 being foreign students, the surrounding neighborhood is full of bars and inexpensive restaurants for students.
On the night of November 1, 2007, Kercher was found on the floor of her bedroom, strangled, stabbed in the neck and partially unclothed with 47 cuts and bruises on her body (Kington 1). Blood was found at the scene and in the bathroom. According to the London Guardian, the window was broken from the inside, suggesting an attempt to fake a robbery. Footprints were also found under the body. The murder weapon, a bloody knife, was left at the scene.
Language is formal and specific to the court: murder, rental apartment, community, students, neighborhood, bars, restaurants, bedroom, stabbed in the neck, cuts, bruises on her body, blood, in the bathroom, the window was broken, a robbery, footprints, weapon, and bloody knife
Speech:
Formal: Kercher and Knox’s rental apartment, Kercher and Knox’s rental apartment, On the night of November 1, 2007, (Kington 1), the London Guardian.
Confident and admitting: Blood was found at the scene and in the bathroom. According to the London Guardian, the window was broken from the inside, suggesting an attempt to fake a robbery. Footprints were also found under the body. The murder weapon, a bloody knife, was left at the scene.
Persuasive with the help of synonyms: was found on the floor of her bedroom, stabbed in the neck and partially unclothed with 47 cuts and bruises on her body, blood was found at the scene and in the bathroom, footprints were also found under the body, the murder weapon, a bloody knife, was left at the scene.