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Guruh raqami
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Kationlar
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Guruhning umumiy reagenti
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Alanga rangining bo’yalishi
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Xususiy reaktivlari
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Xususiy reaktivlari bilan hosil qiladigan
cho’kma va tuzlari
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I guruh kationlari
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K+
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-
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Binafsha
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Na3[Co(NO2)6]
H2C4H4O6 (Vino k)
Na2PbCu(NO2)6
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K2Na[Co(NO2)6]↓
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KHC4H4O6↓
(oq kristal)
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Na+
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Sariq
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K[Sb(OH)6]
UO2(CH3COO)2
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Na[Sb(OH)6]↓
(yashil-sariq yoki rangsiz)
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Na(UO2)(CH3COO)3↓
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NH4+
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-
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KOH
Nessler reaktivi
(K2HgJ4+KOH)
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Qizdirishyokiishqorqo’shishnatijasida
NH3gaziningchiqishi
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Mg2+
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Moviy
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(NH4)2CO3
KOH
Na2HPO4+NH4OH
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(MgOH)2CO3↓
(oq amorf)
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Mg(OH)2↓
(oq amorf)
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MgNH4PO4↓
(oq kristal)
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Mg(H2SbO4)2↓
(oq kristal)
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Li+
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Qirmizi-qizil
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K3[Fe(CN)6]
UO2(CH3COO)2
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Li3[Fe(CN)6]↓
(sarg’ish-qizil)
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Li(UO2)(CH3COO)3↓
(yashil-sariq)
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8-oksixinolin bilan qizil rangli eritma hosil qiladi
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II guruh kationlari
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Ca2+
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(NH4)2CO3
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G’ishtsimon- qizil
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(NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2C2O4
K4[Fe(CN)6]+NH4Cl
H2SO4(kons)
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CaCO3↓
(oqamorf)
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CaC2O4↓
(oqmaydakristal)
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Ca(NH4)2[Fe(CN)6]↓
(oq)
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CaSO4↓
(oq)
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Sr2+
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(NH4)2CO3
Na2HPO4
(NH4)2C2O4
H2SO4(kons)
CaSO4·2H2O
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SrCO3↓
(oq amorf)
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SrHPO4↓
(oq amorf)
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SrC2O4↓
(oq kristal)
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SrSO4↓
(oq loyqa)
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Ba2+
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Yashil
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(NH4)2CO3
K2CrO4
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4(kons)
(NH4)2C2O4
Na2HPO4
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BaCO3↓
(oqamorf)
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BaCrO4↓
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BaSO4↓
(oq)
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BaC2O4↓
(oq kristal)
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BaHPO4↓
(oq)
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III guruh kationlari
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Al3+
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(NH4)2S
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-
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(NH4)2S+ H2O
Na 2CO3
NaOH
NH4OH
CH3COONa
Na2HPO4
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Al(OH) 3↓
(oq)
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Al(OH) 2CH3COO↓
(oq rangli pag’asimon yoki bodroqsimon)
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AlPO4↓
(oq)
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Zn2+
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(NH4)2S
NaOH
K3[Fe(CN)6]
(NH4)2[Hg(SCN)4]
Co(NO2)2
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ZnS↓
(oq amorf)
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Zn(OH)2↓
(oq quyqa)
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Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2↓
(jigar-sariq rangli)
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Zn[Hg(SCN)4]↓
(rangsiz kristal)
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CoZnO2
(Rinman yashili)
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Mn2+
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(NH4)2S
NaOH
H2O2+KOH
PbO2+HNO3
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MnS↓
(badan rangli)
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Mn(OH)2↓
(oq)
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MnO(OH)2
(to’q qo’ng’[ir rangli birikma)
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HMNO4
(malina rangli)
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Fe2+
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(NH4)2S
NaOH
K3[Fe(CN)6]
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FeS↓
(qora)
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Fe(OH)2↓
(nim yashil)
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Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2↓
(Trunbul ko’ki)
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Fe3+
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(NH4)2S
NaOH
KSCN
K4[Fe(CN)6]
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Fe(OH)3↓
(qo’ng’ir quyqa)
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FeS↓
(qora)
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Fe(SCN)3
(qizil qon rangida)
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Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3↓
(Berlin lazuri)
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Cr3+
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(NH4)2S+ H2O
KOH
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Cr(OH)3↓
(kulrang- yashil)
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Cr(OH)3+KOH→KCrO2+2H2O
2KCrO2+2KOH+ +H2O2→2K2CrO4+4H2O
(sariq rangda)
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