Hakikat Kitabevi Publications No: 10 answer to an enemy of islam

GLOSSARY
– 123 –
adhân: the call to salât.
af’âl al-mukallafîn: fard, harâm
or 
mubâh acts; fiqh.
ahâdîth: pl. of hadîth.
ahl: people. Ahl al-Bait,
immediate relatives of the
Prophet. 
Ahl ad-dirâya =
mujtahidi fi ’l-madhhab.
Ahl as-Sunna(t wa ’l-
Jamâ’a).
ahwâl: conditions or customs of
people when a 
hadîth was
said; excellent qualities.
a’imma(t al-madhâhib): pl. of
imâm al-madhhab
’âlim: (pl. ’ulamâ’) Muslim
scholar.
Allâhu ta’âlâ: Allah to whom
all kinds of superiority
belong.
’allâma: an ’âlim of high
degree.
a’mâl: acts; living up to ’ilm
âmin: (to Allâhu ta’âlâ) ‘accept
my prayer’.
ammâra: headstrong nafs as
defined.
arbâb at-tarjîh: = as’hâb at-
tarjîh.
’ârif: an ’âlim who knows what
is possible to know of
ma’rifa.
’Asr as-Sa’âda: the ‘Era of
Prosperity’, time of the
Prophet and the Four
Caliphs.
Awliyâ’: (pl. of Walî) 
âyat (kerîma): a Qur’ânic
verse.
bâtin: 
interior, 
hidden
knowledge pertaining to the
heart and soul; 
bâtinî, of
bâtin. 
Bâtinî, a follower of
the 
Batiniyya heresy or
Bâtinism.
bid’a: (pl. bida’)
da’îf: (that considered to be)
reported not as genuinely as
sahîh,
Dâr al-Islâm: Islamic country.
faid: ma’rifa.
faqîh: (pl. fuqahâ’) ’âlim of
fiqh.
fard: (an act) that commanded
by 
Allâhu ta’âlâ in the
Qur’ân al-kerîm; 
fard ’ain;
fard kifâya.
fâsid: wrong, invalid, non-
sahîh.
fatwâ: ijtihâd (of a mujtahid);
conclusion (of a 
muftî) from
books of 
fiqh whether
something not shown in
them is permitted or not.
fiqh: knowledge dealing with

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what Muslims should do
and should not do; 
a’mâl,
’ibâdât.
fitna: disunion among Muslims.
fitra: alms (2 kg of wheat or
silver of equal value) given
after every Ramadân, the
ninth month of Muslim
calendar.
fuqahâ’: pl. of faqîh.
Hadd: A form of chastisement
used in the Islamic penal
code. It comprises forms of
flogging that vary in
vehemence as well as in
number, depending on the
kind of offence as well as on
the 
social 
status 
of
delinquent.
hadîth: (science or books of)
the saying(s) of the Prophet.
-Hadîth ash-sherîf, all the
hadîths as a whole. (See
Endless Bliss, II, for its
kinds.)
hadrat: title of respect used
before the names of Islamic
scholars.
hajj: fard pilgrimage to Mecca.
halâl: (act, thing) permitted in
Islam.
harâm: (act, thing) forbidden in
Islam.
-Haramain: 
Mecca 
and
Medina.
-Hijâz: the region around the
Haramain on the Arabian
Peninsula.
hikma: wisdom; right, useful
sayings.
Hujjat al-Islâm: title of al-
Imâm at-Ghazâlî meaning
the ‘Document of Islam’
and depicting that a
reasonable person who
reads his 
Ihyâ’ sees that
Islam is a heavenly religion
and becomes a Muslim, past
and present examples of
which are many.
’ibâda: (pl. -ât) Islamic rite(s)
’Îd al-ad’hâ: festival of
sacrifices and 
hajj.
ijtihâd: (meaning or conclusion
drawn by a 
mujtahid by)
endeavouring to understand
the hidden meaning in an
âyat or a hadîth.
ilhâd: (of mulhid)
’illa: ‘reason’, question or event
upon which a 
hadîth was
said.
’ilm: (branch of) knowledge,
science; 
’ilm al-hâl; ’ilm al-
usûl (al-fiqh), science of
methodology (of e.g. 
fiqh).
imâm: i) profound ’âlim; imâm
al-madhhab; al-Imâm al-
a’zam ii) leader in jamâ’a;
iii) Caliph.
îmân: belief.
iqâma: certain words recited
just before a 
fard salât.
islâm: six fundamentals of
Islam.
i’tiqâd: = îmân.
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– 125 –
jamâ’a: community, body of
Muslims in a mosque.
jihâd: war against non-Muslims
(or the 
nafs) to convert
them (it) to Islam.
-Ka’ba: the big room in the
great mosque in Mecca.
kaffâra: specified penalty that
should be paid along with
qadâ’.
kâfir: non-Muslim, disbeliever.
kalâm: (science of) îmân in
Islam.
khalîfa: (pl. khulafâ’) caliph.
Khârijîs, Khârijites, Khawârij:
those heretical Muslims
hostile to 
Ahl al-Bait and to
their posterity.
lâ-madhhâbî: of antagonism to
the four 
madhhabs.
madhhab: (pl. madhâhib) all of
what an 
imâm of (esp.) fiqh
(usually one of the four:
Hanafî, Shâfi’î, Mâlikî and
Hanbalî) 
or 
îmân
communicated.
madrasa: Islamic school or
university.
mahram: within forbidden
(harâm) 
degrees 
of
relationship for marriage.
makrûh: (act, thing) improper,
disliked, and abstained by
the Prophet.
mansûkh: (a nass that had
come or said) earlier but
cancelled by a later one
(nâsikh.).
ma’rifa: knowledge about
Allâhu ta’âlâ, inspired to
the hearts of 
Awliyâ’.
masah: rubbing one’s wet
hands (on his 
mests, which
are 
soft, 
soleless,
waterproof shoes, worn in
winter, covering the feet’s
surface washed) while
performing ablution.
mashhûr: ‘well-known’ among
’âlims: a kind of hadîths.
masjid: mosque.
mawdû’: lacking one of the
conditions (for a 
hadîth to
be 
sahîh) laid down by an
’âlim of hadîth.
mawlîd: (anniversary of) the
birthday, writings about the
excellences, of the Prophet.
Mawqif: place of concentration
of all men after the
Resurrection.
minbar: high pulpit in a
mosque.
-Mi’râj: 
the 
Prophet’s
Ascension from Jerusalem
to the skies.
-Mîzân: the Balance in the
hereafter.
mu’âmalât: a division of fiqh.
mubâh: (act, thing) neither
ordered nor prohibited;
permitted.
mufsid: thing that nullifies
[salât].

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– 126 –
muftî: great ’âlim authorized to
issue 
fatwâ.
Muhammadî: follower of the
path of the Prophet.
muhkam: (of a nass) with
explicit, clear meaning.
mujaddid: 
strengthener,
renewer, of Islam.
mujâhada: ‘striving’ to do what
the 
nafs does not like; see
riyâda.
mulfiq: one who practises
talfîq.
munâfiq: one in the disguise of
a Muslim but believing in
another 
religion; 
so
hypocrite.
mushrik: polytheist, idolater.
mustahab: (act) deserving
thawâb if done but no sin if
omitted, nor disbelief if
disliked.
mutashâbih: (of an âyat) with
unintelligible, 
hidden
meanings.
-Mu’tazila: one of 72 heretical
groups in Islam.
mutma’inna: (of nafs) tranquil,
corrected.
nafs: a force in man which
wants him to harm himself
religiously.
nâ-mahram: not mahram.
nâsikh: (a nass) that cancelled a
mansûkh.
nass: (general term for) an âyat
or 
hadîth; the Nass.
nikâh: 
Islamic 
act 
of
engagement for marriage.
nisâb: minimum quantity of
specified wealth making
one liable to do some
certain duties.
qadâ’: i) decree of a qâdî
(Muslim 
judge); 
ii)
performance of an 
’ibâda
after its due time.
qibla: direction towards the
Ka’ba.
qiyâs (al-fuqahâ’): (conclusion
drawn by a 
mujtahid by)
likening or comparing an
affair not clearly stated in
the 
Nass and ijmâ’ to a
similar one stated clearly;
ijtihâd.
Quraish: Arab community of
Quraish, an ancestor of the
Prophet.
rak’a: unit of salât.
Rasûlullah: 
Muhammad
(’alaihi 
’s-salâm), 
the
‘Prophet of 
Allâhu ta’âlâ’.
rijâl: great ’âlim reporters of a
hadîth.
riyâda: (pl. -ât) not doing what
the 
nafs likes.
Sahâbî: (pl. -Sahâbat al-kirâm)
Muslim (Companions) who
saw the Prophet at least
once.
sahîh: i) valid, lawful; ii)
(hadîth) 
soundly
transmitted.

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– 127 –
salâm: good wish.
salât: ritual prayer.
shafâ’a: intercession in the
hereafter.
shaikh: master, guide; Shaikh
al-Islâm, Head of the
Islamic Affairs Office.
Shâri’: the Prophet (’alaihi ’s-
salâm).
-Shî’a (Shî’ites): one of the 72
non-
Sunnî groups in Islam.
-Sirât: the Bridge in the
hereafter.
suhba: companionship.
sunna: act (done and liked esp.
by the Prophet as an 
’ibâda)
deserving 
thawâb if done
but sinful if continually
omitted; 
sunnat mu’akkada,
that rarely omitted by the
Prophet; the 
Sunna, i) all
the sunnas as a whole; ii)
(with the Book) the 
Hadîth;
iii) 
fiqh, Islam.
Sunnî: (one) belonging to Ahl
as-Sunna.
sûra(t): a Qur’ânic chapter.
tâ’a: those acts liked by Allâhu
ta’âlâ but need not be
known that He likes.
Tâbi’ûn: Successors of as-
Sahâbat al-kirâm. Taba’ at-
Tâbi’în, Successors of the
Tâbi’ûn.
tafsîr: (book, science, of)
interpretation of the Qur’ân
al kerîm.
-Tahiyya: first prayer recited at
the sitting posture in 
salât.
takbîr iftitâh: the phrase
‘Allâhu akbar’.
tasawwuf: Islamic mysticism or
sufism as defined by Islam.
Ta’dhir: a jurisprudential term
in the Islamic penal code. It
includes 
degrees 
of
chastisement 
such 
as
warning, 
admonition,
reprimanding, 
flogging
(which is above 
Hadd in the
vehemence of strokes, and
below it in their number),
imprisonment, and capital
punishment.
tekke: (Turkish) place where a
shaikh trains his disciples.
thawâb: (unit of) reward
promised for the next world
by 
Allâhu ta’âlâ as a
recompense for doing or
saying what He likes.
’ulamâ’: pl. of ’âlim.
umma(t): community, body of
believers of a prophet.
’umra: sunna pilgrimage to
Mecca.
usûl: i) methodology or
fundamentals of an Islamic
science, see 
’ilm; ii)
methodologies of basic
Islamic sciences; iii) 
îmân,
kalâm.
wahî: knowledge revealed to
the Prophet from 
Allâhu
ta’âlâ.

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______________________
HÜSEYN H‹LM‹ IŞIK,
‘Rahmat-Allahi ’alaih’
Hüseyn Hilmi Iş›k, ‘Rahmat-Allahi ’alaih’, publisher of the
Hakikat Kitabevi Publications, was born in Eyyub Sultan, Istanbul
in 1329 (A.D. 1911). 
Of the one hundred and forty-four books he published, sixty
are Arabic, twenty-five Persian, fourteen Turkish, and the
remaining are books in French, German, English, Russian, and
other languages.
Hüseyn Hilmi Iş›k, ‘Rahmat-Allahi ’alaih’ (guided by Sayyid
’Abdulhakim Arwâsî, ‘Rahmat-Allahi ’alaih’, a profound Islamic
scholar and perfect in virtues of Tasawwuf and capable to guide
disciples in a fully mature manner; possessor of glories and
wisdom), was a competent, great Islamic scholar able to guide to
happiness, passed away during the night between October 25, 2001
(8 Sha’bân 1422) and October 26, 2001 (9 Sha’bân 1422). He was
buried at Eyyub Sultan, where he had been born.
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wâjib: 
(act) 
almost 
as
compulsory as 
fard, so not
to be omitted; that never
omitted by the Prophet.
Walî: (pl. Awliyâ’) one loved
and protected by 
Allâhu
ta’âlâ.
zâhir: 
exterior, 
apparent
knowledge (pertaining to
the body); 
zâhirî, of zâhir.
Zaidî: least heretical (so closer
to 
Ahl as-Sunna) group of
the 
Shî’a.
zakât: (fard duty of giving
annually) 1/40 of a rich
Muslim’s specified property
(to poor Muslims).
zuhd: not setting one’s heart on
worldly things.