Historically

Historically

• Historically

• Precolonial era:
• Polynesian descents ‘Maori’
• Colonial era
• Waitangi Treaty British Colonisation
• Organized colonial settlement—European wave immigrations (1840)
• British control over NZ
• Landowner management
• Recognized tribal (Maori) rights
• Commonwealth era
• Clash:
• Musket Wars (18
• British colonial government v.s Maori

This presentatioin is to

• This presentatioin is to

• brief description regarding the NZ political system including the domestic politics and its national economy.
• Meanwhile, the significance of NZ positions identity including the national determinants and relations with neighboring countries will be further elaborated in the following lecture

Political parties

• Political parties

• Age of British Colonialism
• Prior to WW I
• 1929 Depressions

• Political system

• Monarch and centralized
• Multiparty and self governing (dominion)

• Culture of politics

Colonial age:

• Colonial age:

• First, New Zealand government
• colonial government (by surveillance of UK monarch)
• The head of colonial government is working as a representative of UK monarch functioning to establish, organize, manage and regulate the colonial settlements.
• Colonial government is authorized and assigned with military such as troops, forts, and colonial business including trades and managing markets in defined area or region.

Second,

• Second,

• governance transition took place in year 1917 that implements capability and accountability self-governing from ‘colony’ to ‘dominion’.
• ‘Prime minister’ is introduced as the head of government. The governance reflects demand for equal opportunity in political and social rights, especially for Maori.
• This governance type does not merely allow for creating party (first party, is Liberals Party), but also allows the multiparty to exist subsequently such as ‘Reforms Party’, ‘Labor Party’ and ‘National Party’.
• Today NZ politics is dominated by these four party, but also suggest that National and Labor Party are dominating the entire political process.

‘centralized and monarchy gov’

• ‘centralized and monarchy gov’

• The age of British colonialism does not reflect the freedom of rights because government policy and action are centralized from monarch.

• The following change, shows that this trend is changing in ways

• stating that individual rights is granted (guaranted) to vote in the election.
• 1881 marks the outset of election followed by the women suffrage in 1893.

elections: the monarchy is hereditary;

• elections: the monarchy is hereditary;

• governor general appointed by the monarch;

• following legislative elections: the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general;

• deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general

NZ has a fairly good economic conditions.

• NZ has a fairly good economic conditions.

• GDP $115.1 billion (2009)

• NZ's export value in 2009 reached 23.35 billion USD

• Export commodities include dairy products, meat, timber, fish and machines. NZ's main export partners include Australia (23.1%), United States (10.1%), Japan (8.4%) and China (5.8%).

• Another economic strength of NZ lies in the agriculture sector

NZ economy relies on exports. As a result of this pattern appears in the NZ’s economy which so vulnerable toward external changes.

• NZ economy relies on exports. As a result of this pattern appears in the NZ’s economy which so vulnerable toward external changes.

• The entry of Britain into the European Union was changed the strategy of the NZ economy to build new market in Asia.

Another pattern in the NZ’s economy is pragmatism in its policies. The ruling government in making policy based more on the goal of achieving prosperity compared to prioritize certain ideology.

• Another pattern in the NZ’s economy is pragmatism in its policies. The ruling government in making policy based more on the goal of achieving prosperity compared to prioritize certain ideology.

• The policies are actually drawn during the reign of the Labor Party which is often considered to adopt mercantilism.

Traditionally, NZ's economy has been helped by strong economic relations with Australia.

• Traditionally, NZ's economy has been helped by strong economic relations with Australia.

• New Zealand and Australia are partners in "Closer Economic Relations" (CER)

• Since 1990, CER has created a single market of more than 22 million people, and this has provided new opportunities for New Zealand exporters.

• NZ's foreign policy is oriented chiefly toward developed democratic nations and emerging Pacific economies.

Foreign aid for development given New Zealand is managed by semi-autonomous agency NZAID, main objective of NZAID policy is to reduce poverty in the South Pacific countries.

• Foreign aid for development given New Zealand is managed by semi-autonomous agency NZAID, main objective of NZAID policy is to reduce poverty in the South Pacific countries.

• In 2004 the total number of NZ's foreign aid reached 260 million USD, 122 million USD directed to South Pacific countries.

• The main priorities are considered important in NZ's economy foreign policy is a region located in the northwest, the Oceania countries, especially Polynesia to strenghten NZ position in Oceania

Gillespie, Carol Ann. 2002. Modern World Nations : New Zealand. New York : Chelsea House

• Gillespie, Carol Ann. 2002. Modern World Nations : New Zealand. New York : Chelsea House

• Jackson, Keith & Alan Mcrobie. 2005. Historical Dictionary of New Zealand. Oxford : The Scarecrow Press.

• CIA The World Fact book. 2010. Australia-Oceania : New Zealand [online] available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html [accessed 21 December 2010]

• US Department of State. 2010. Background Note: New Zealand. [online] Available at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35852.htm [accessed 21 December 2010]