History of Sociology Plan


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History of Sociology

Ancient Greeks
The sociological reasoning may be traced back at least as far as the ancient Greeks whose characteristic trends in sociological thought can be traced back to their social environment. Given the rarity of extensive or highly-centralized political organization within states, the tribal spirit of localism and provincialism was in open season for deliberations on social phenomena, which would thus pervade much of Greek thought. Proto-sociological observations can be seen in the founding texts of Western philosophy , Thucydides , Plato, Polybius . Similarly, the methodological survey can trace its origins back to the Domesday Book ordered by King of England, William the Conqueror , in 1086
East Asia
Sociological perspectives can also be found among non-European thought of figures such as Confucius.
In the 13th century, Ma Duanlin, a Chinese historian, first recognized patterns of social dynamics as an underlying component of historical development in his seminal encyclopedia, Wénxiàn Tōngkǎo
Ibn Khaldun
There is evidence of early Muslim sociology from the 14th century. In particular, some consider Islamic scholar Ibn Khaldun , a 14th-century Arab from Tunis , to have been the first sociologist and, thus, the father of sociology. His Muqaddimah , serving as an introduction to a seven-volume analysis of universal history , would perhaps be the first work to advance social-scientific reasoning and social philosophy in formulating theories of social cohesion (Group_cohesiveness) and social conflict .
Concerning the discipline of sociology, Khaldun conceived a dynamic theory of history that involved conceptualizations of social conflict and social change. He developed the dichotomy of sedentary life versus nomadic life , as well as the concept of generation, and the inevitable loss of power that occurs when desert warriors conquer a city. Following his Syrian contemporary, Sati' al-Husri, the Muqaddimah may be read as a sociological work; six books of general sociology, to be specific. Topics dealt with in this work include politics, urban life, economics, and knowledge.
The work is based around Khaldun's central concept of asabiyyah , meaning "social cohesion", "group solidarity", or "tribalism". Khaldun suggests such cohesion arises spontaneously amongst tribes and other small kinship groups, which can then be intensified and enlarged through religious ideology. Khaldun's analysis observes how this cohesion carries groups to power while simultaneously containing within itself the—psychological, sociological, economic, political—seeds of the group's downfall, to be replaced by a new group, dynasty, or empire bound by an even stronger (or at least younger and more vigorous) cohesion.
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