Homework 4 due on 2020/10/22
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hw4
Homework 4 due on 2020/10/22
1. A particle of mass m and fixed energy E is confined to a two-dimensional box. The x and y side lengths of the box are a and b, respectively. Also potential U(x, y) = constant everywhere inside the box. Assuming the side-lengths of the box are much larger than atomic dimensions, derive an expression for the density of states (g 2D ) for the given particle in a two-dimensional box. Record all step in obtaining your answer. (10pts)
2. The E-k relationship characterizing an electron confined to a 2-dimensional surface layer is of the form
E − 𝐸
! = ℏ " 𝑘 # " 2𝑚 $ ∗ + ℏ " 𝑘 & " 2𝑚 " ∗
where 𝑚 $ ∗ ≠ 𝑚 " ∗ . Assuming the side-lengths of the box are much larger than atomic dimensions, derive an expression for the density of states (g 2D ) for the given particle in a two-dimensional box. Record all step in obtaining your answer. (10pts)
3. Like GaAs, GaP crystallizes in the zincblende lattice and the valence band maxima occur at the Γ point in the first Brillouin zone. Unlike GaAs, the conduction band minima in GaP occur at the X-points in the Brillouin zone. (20pts) a) Where are the X-points located in the k-space? b) In GaP a direct or indirect material? Explain c) Given that the constant energy surfaces at the X-points are ellipsoidal with ' !
' # = 1.12 and
' $ ∗ ' # = 0.22 , what is the ratio of the longitudinal length to the maximum transverse width of the surfaces? d) Determine the density of states effective mass for electrons in GaP. 4. The valence band of InSb is a bit unusual in that the heavy-hole sub-band exhibits maxima along <111> directions at a k-value slightly removed from k=0. If the heavy-hole maxima are described by parabolic energy surfaces where 𝑚 ( ∗
) ∗ are the longitudinal and transverse effective masses, respectively, and if 𝑚 (* ∗ is the effective mass for the light holes in a spherical sub-band centered at k = 0, obtain an expression for the density of states effective mass characterizing the holes in InSb. You answer should be expressed in term of 𝑚 ( ∗ , 𝑚
) ∗ and 𝑚 (* ∗ . (10pts) 5. The carrier distributions or number of carriers as a function of energy in the conduction and valence bands were noted to peak at an energy very close to the band edges. Taking the semiconductor to be nondegenerate, determine the precise energy relative to the band edges at which the carrier distributions peak. (10pts) 6. In InSb at 300K, bandgap E g =0.18eV (the smallest band gap of all binary semiconductor compounds), ' % ∗ ' # = 0.0116 , ' & ∗ ' # = 0.4
, and 𝑛 + = 1.6 × 10 $, 𝑐𝑚 -. . (40pts) a) Would you expect the intrinsic Fermi energy (E i ) in InSb to lie closer to Ec or Ev? Present a qualitative argument that supports your answer, the text relationship for E i should not be used. b) Assuming nondegenerate statistics, determine the position of E i in the InSb bandgap in 300K c) Draw a dimensioned energy band diagram showing the position of E i determined in part (b). (Numerical values for values for relevant energy differences are note on a dimensioned diagram.) Do you see anything wrong with the part (b) results? Explain d) Given an InSb sample doped with 10 14 /cm 3 donor, what is the approximate positioning of E F
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