How to teach vocabulary\374
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how to teach vocabulary (1)
12 13 HOW TO PRESENT VOCABULARY At the very least learners need to learn both the meaning and the form of a new word. It's worth pointing out that both these aspects of a word should be presented in close conjunction in order to ensure a tight meaning-and-form fit. The greater the gap between the presentation of a word's form and its meaning, the less likely that the learner will make a mental connection between the two. Let's say the teacher has decided to teach a related set of words - for example, items of clothing: shirt, trousers, jacket, socks, dress, jeans. The teacher has a number of options available. Number of items? This will depend on the following factors: • the level of the learners (whether beginners, intermediate, or advanced) • the learners' likely familiarity with the words (learners may have met the words before even though they are not part of their active vocabulary) • the difficulty of the items - whether, for example, they express abstract rather than concrete meanings, or whether they are difficult to pronounce • their 'teachability' - whether, for example, they can be easily explained or demonstrated • whether items are being learned for production (in speaking and writing) or for recognition only (as in listening and reading). Since more time will be needed for the former, the number of items is likely to be fewer than if the aim is only recognition. Furthermore, the number of new words presented should not overstretch the learners' capacity to remember them. Nor should the presentation extend so far into the lesson that no time is available to put the words to work. Coursebooks tend to operate on the principle that a vocabulary presentation should include at most about a dozen items. Here, for example, are the items listed in the presentation of clothes vocabulary in a currently popular elementary coursebook a jumper a shirt a T-shirt a dress a skirt a jacket a suit a tie trousers jeans trainers shoes boots However, claims for the desirability of much higher vocabulary learning targets have been made, especially by proponents of teaching methods that subscribe to 'whole person learning', such as accelerated learning and suggestopedia. Teachers following these methods use means of de- suggestion, in order to predispose the learner to massive amounts of input, including literally hundreds of words in a session. Conventional teaching methods underestimate the learner's capacity to retain new vocabulary. Download 0.75 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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