How to teach vocabulary\374


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how to teach vocabulary (1)

Actions / gesture 
Such an approach is especially appropriate if teaching beginners, and with mixed nationality 
classes, where translation is not an option. It is also a technique that has been reclaimed by 
practitioners of Total Physical Response (TPR), a method that promotes initial immersion in 
a high quantity of comprehensible input. In making use of the immediate environment of the 
classroom, and of things that can be brought into the classroom, the intention is to replicate 
the experience of learning one's mother tongue. A TPR lesson typically involves the teacher 
demonstrating actions, using real objects, and then getting the learners to perform the same or 
similar actions in response to commands. Typical classroom commands might be: 
Point to the apple. 
Put the banana next to the apple. 
Give the apple to Natasha. 
Offer the banana to Maxim. 
etc. 
(Plastic fruit and vegetables are ideal for this kind of activity.) 
Pictures / illustrations 
Visual aids take many forms: flashcards (published and home-made), wall charts
transparencies projected on to the board or wall using the overhead projector, and board-
drawings. Many teachers collect their own sets of flashcards from magazines, calendars, etc. 
Especially useful are pictures of items belonging to the following sets: food and drink, 
clothing, house interiors and furniture, landscapes / exteriors, forms of transport plus a wide 
selection of pictures of people, sub-divided into sets such as jobs, nationalities, sports, 


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activities and appearance (tall, strong, sad, healthy, old, etc). Not only can such pictures be 
used to present new vocabulary items, but they can be used to practise them. 
The use of pictures or objects as prompts for vocabulary teaching can be enhanced if some 
basic principles of memory are taken into account, including the principle of distributed 
practice .(it is important to keep reviewing the previously introduced items, preferably in a 
varying order)
Our ability to produce mental images has led to 
a memory technique known as the key word 

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