Appendix 3: Essential Ideas
140
IELTS Essays,
Letters, Graphs, Diagrams & Maps
Even the smallest diplomatic incident can trigger a major international conflict.
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand sparked the First World War.
Trigger/spark off something
Riots, sparked off by the arrest of seven student leaders, have spread to other universities.
Precipitate
The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system.
Both countries claimed the same area, precipitating a border war.
4.
to be the first or basic cause of something
Be at the root/bottom of
Simple greed is at the root of most white-collar crime.
At the bottom of the country's economic problems is its overwhelming debt.
Lie at the root/bottom of something
Difficulties with the company's overseas subsidiaries lie at the root of last year's losses.
Underlying cause/reason/factor etc
A cause, reason etc that is one of the most basic and important, but which is not easy to
notice
They were treating only the symptoms of the disease rather than its underlying cause.
Climate and geography are the underlying reasons for the region's low level of economic
development.
5.
to cause someone or something to be in a particular
situation or condition
To cause someone or something to be in a particular situation or condition
Make somebody late/ill etc
Hurry up - you're going to make me late for work.
Something I ate last night really made me sick.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
