Ii. Grammar: Conjunctions III. Writing: Focusing on grammar exercises IV. Reading

Questions:
1. What are people all over the world fond of?
2. What unites people of every nationality?
3. Why do people prefer to be out of town on a frosty sunny day?
4. What are the most popular outdoor winter sports?
5. What opportunities for sports does summer afford?
6. What game takes the first place in public interest?
7. When do many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics?
8. Who goes in for calisthenics?
9. Why is chess the great international game?


Vocabulary:

English	Transcription	Russion	Uzbek
to be fond of smth	[fᴐnd]	любить, нравиться	yaxshi ko’rmoq
to unite	[ju:nait]	объединять	birlashtirmoq qo’shmoq,
outdoor winter sports	[aut dᴐ:]	зимние виды спорта на открытом воздухе	ochiq havodagi qishki sport turlari
shooting	[ʃutiŋ]	стрельба	otish
hunting	[hᴧntiŋ]	охота	ov
tobogganing	[tәbᴐg(ә)niŋ]	санный спорт	chana sporti
to sledge	[sleʤ]	кататься на санках	chanada uchmoq
yachting	[jᴐtiŋ]	парусный спорт	yelkanli sport
gliding	[glaidiŋ]	планерный спорт	planerli sport
to establish oneself in favor	[istӕbliʃ][wᴧn’self]	стать в почете	faxrda bo’lmoq, faxrga aylanmoq
lawn-tennis	[lᴐ:n tenis]	теннис	tennis
track and field events	[trӕk][ivent]	легкая атлетика	yengil atletika
scores of young girls and women	[skᴐ:]	множество девушек и женщин	ko’pchilik qiz va ayollar
calisthenics	[kӕlisɵeniks]	ритмическая гимнастика	ritmik gimnastika
indoor games	[indᴐ: geim]	игры в закрытом помещении	yopiq joydagi o’yinlar
impressive example	[igzampl]	замечательный пример	ajoyibi misol
inexhaustible	[inig’zᴐstәbl]	неисчерпаемый	bitmas tuganmas
cheerfulness	[ʧiәf(ә)lnәs]	бодрость	jonli, tetik
enthusiast	[in’ɵju:ziӕst]	энтузиаст	qiziquvchan kishi, entuziast
to initiate	[iniʃieit]	приобщить кого-то к чему-то	kimnidir nimagadir bog’lamoq, jalb qilmoq
tournament	[tuәnәmәnt]	турнир, спортивное соревнование	turnir, sport bellashuvi, musobaqa

READ SOME EXAMPLES ABOUT FAVOURITE SPORT OF SOME PEOPLE AND ABOUT YOURS

Conjunctions

There are three kinds of conjunctions: Coordinating, Subordinating and Correlative Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions are and/or/but/nor/as/for/so. When they are used to connect two independent clauses together they should be accompanied by a comma, which comes before the coordinating conjunction.
Here are some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English and what they do:

• 
  For – presents rationale (“They do not gamble or smoke, for they are ascetics.”)
  
• 
  And – presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) (“They gamble, and they smoke.”)
  
• 
  Nor – presents a non-contrasting negative idea (“They do not gamble, nor do they smoke.”)
  
• 
  But – presents a contrast or exception (“They gamble, but they don’t smoke.”)
  
• 
  Or – presents an alternative item or idea (“Every day they gamble, or they smoke.”)
  
• 
  Yet – presents a contrast or exception (“They gamble, yet they don’t smoke.”)
  
• 
  So – presents a consequence (“He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.”)
  

Subordinating Conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction is a word that connects a main clause to a subordinate clause. A main clause is an independent clause that can stand alone by itself as a sentence. In other words, a main clause does not need any additional information to operate as a sentence.
A subordinating conjunction is a word that connects a main clause to a subordinate clause. A main clause is an independent clause that can stand alone by itself as a sentence. In other words, a main clause does not need any additional information to operate as a sentence.
For Examples:
Than, rather than, whether, as much as, whereas, that, whatever, which, whichever, after, as soon as, as long as, before, by the time, now that, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, though, although, even though, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, where, wherever, if, only if, unless, provided that, assuming that, even if, in case (that), lest, how, as though, as if, because, since, so that, in order (that), that, as …
How to use Subordinating conjunctions in Sentences:
In English, there are lots of subordinating conjunctions, but the most common ones, along with a few examples of how subordinating conjunctions are used, are as follows:

• 
  He is cleverer than I am.
  
• 
  You must decide whether you will go by train or by plane.
  
• 
  I eat as much as you.
  
• 
  Elliot is tall and blond, whereas his brother is short and has dark hair.
  
• 
  She went to the school that my father went to.
  
• 
  I copied in my notebook whatever he wrote on the blackboard.
  
• 
  The car which I drive is old.
  
• 
  Bruce will wear his pink or green sweater, whichever is clean.”