Individual work writing tasks it products Task 1

Read-only 
memory (ROM) 
is 
a 
type 
of 
non-volatile 
memory
 used in 
computers
 and other 
electronic devices
. Data 
stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the 
manufacture of the 
memory device
. Read-only memory is useful 
for storing 
software
 that is rarely changed during the life of the 
system, also known as 
firmware
. Software applications 
(like 
video games
) for programmable devices can be distributed 
as 
plug-in cartridges containing ROM
.
16 Encryption
In 
cryptography
, encryption is 
the 
process 
of 
encoding
 information. This process converts the original 
representation of the information, known as 
plaintext
, into an 
alternative form known as 
ciphertext
. Ideally, only authorized 
parties can decipher a ciphertext back to plaintext and access 
the original information. Encryption does not itself prevent 
interference but denies the intelligible content to a would-be 
interceptor.

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5 
17 Database
In 
computing
, 
a database is 
an 
organized 
collection 
of 
data
 stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can 
be stored on a 
file system
, while large databases are hosted 
on 
computer 
clusters
 or 
cloud 
storage
. 
The 
design 
of 
databases
 spans formal techniques and practical considerations, 
including 
data modeling
, efficient data representation and 
storage, 
query languages
, 
security
 and 
privacy
 of sensitive data, 
and 
distributed 
computing
 issues, 
including 
supporting 
concurrent
 access and 
fault tolerance
.
18 Back up
In 
information technology
, a backup, or data backup is a copy 
of 
computer data
 taken and stored elsewhere so that it may be 
used to restore the original after a 
data loss
 event. The verb 
form, referring to the process of doing so, is "
back up
", whereas 
the noun and adjective form is "
backup
".
[1]
 Backups can be used 
to recover data after its loss from 
data deletion
 or 
corruption
, or 
to recover data from an earlier time.
 
[2]
 Backups provide a simple 
form of 
disaster recovery
; however not all backup systems are 
able to reconstitute a computer system or other complex 
configuration such as a 
computer cluster
, 
active directory
 server, 
or 
database server
.
19 Server
In 
computing
, a server is a piece of 
computer
 hardware or 
software (
computer program
) that provides functionality for other 
programs or devices, called "
clients
." This 
architecture
 is called 
the 
client
–server model
. 
Servers 
can 
provide 
various 
functionalities, often called "services," such as sharing data 
or 
resources
 among 
multiple 
clients 
or 
performing 
computations
 for a client. A single server can serve 
multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple servers. A 
client process may run on the same device or may connect over 
a network to a server on a different device.
[1]
 Typical servers 
are 
database 
servers
, 
file 
servers
, 
mail 
servers
, 
print 
servers
, 
web servers
, 
game servers
, and 
application servers
.
20 Cloud computing