Figure 3.
Quantitative analysis of the selected articles in this literature review. (a) Distribution
of the articles per source type and publisher. (b) Temporal distribution of the articles per year.
(c) Geographical distribution of the authors per their first institution country. (d) Word cloud of the
most relevant keywords.
Articles have been classified into three groups based on their scope and goals, as
follows:
•
Enhanced systems for increasing safety and security in railways: Articles proposing
techniques, methods or tools to improve the railway infrastructure from an information
security or privacy perspective.
•
Cybersecurity issues and challenges in railways: Articles reviewing or describing
issues and/or challenges related to information security or privacy in railways.
•
Users’ cybersecurity awareness in railway infrastructures: Articles addressing or
evaluating the awareness of users on information security or privacy in the railway
infrastructure.
Nearly half of the articles are encompassed within the first group (20/39), whilst
the second group and the third group comprise 15 articles and 4 articles, respectively, as
observed in Table
3
. Furthermore, as observed in Figure
4
, we can notice a tendency shift
regarding the types of articles published in this field throughout the years. Whereas initial
studies mainly discussed issues and challenges in the field, most of the recent articles are
more technical by proposing solutions to increase the security of railways. Therefore, an
evolution from theoretical to practical approaches is highlighted. Likewise, cybersecurity
awareness-related studies are likely to continue increasing in the years to come. Each of
these three groups is explored individually in the subsequent sections.
Sensors 2022, 22, 7698
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