Intermediate passages

DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

Never has a scientist, with one book, caused such a stir in the world as Darwin did with The Origin of Species. His ideas, the fruit of many years of patient thought and study, were attacked by learned and ignorant alike. He was called a madman, a deceiver, and an anti-Christian. Long and bitter quarrels arose, and most religious people of that time attacked him. They accused him of trying to destroy religion and morals completely, though Darwin, of course, had no such intention. His book dealt in a scientific way with a problem of science, and the only critics he answered were those who attacked him on scientific grounds. His refusal to (phrase) return abuse did not stop his enemies, however. The newspapers were filled with letters and articles pouring scorn on the very idea of evolution and the less the writers knew about the subject, the more violent their attack was. Darwin, however, was well-supported by a few able scientists, who untiringly spread what he taught. He gathered so many facts, and built so surely on these unanswerable facts, that his ideas carried great weight once they were understood. After the first stormy outbursts had died away, men began to see things Darwin's way. Slowly and quietly, Darwin's teachings conquered the world.
(From Seven Biologists by T.H. Savory, F.E Joselin and John Walton)

• 
  NEW VOCABULARY
  

a)evolution- process of change over the years due to environmental conditions-traqqiyot
b) stir-disturbance(halaqit berish, bezovtalik)-tasirlanish, kuchli hissiyot
c) origin-starting-point- kelib chiqishi
d) species-group of animals sharing many common characteristics- tur
e) ignorant-uneducated- savodsiz
f) alike-in the same way; similarly; both- o'xshash
g) bitter-extremely unpleasant- yoqimsiz, achchiq
h) on scientific grounds-for scientific reasons (phrase)-ilmiy sabablar uchun
i) refusal to-declining to reply back with insults (phrase) rad etish
j) return abuse(xo’rlash toptash, suiistemol qilmoq)-cover with contempt(behurmatlilik) (phrase)nafrat hurmatsizlik bilan qoplangan
k) violent-fierce(qo’rqinchli, yovuz); aggressive-shafqatsiz, zo’ravon, zolim.
i) stormy outburst(birdaniga baqirib, kulib, qichqirib yubormoq)-feverish attacks (phrase)
m) conquer-win; overcome- yengmoq g’alaba qozonmoq,

1. 
   Madman-lunatic, maniac,- jinni tentak
   
2. 
   Deceiver- firibgar muttaham
   
3. 
   Quarrels-janjal, mojaro
   
4. 
   Accused-blame, charge with, summon for-qonun buzulishida ayblamoq.
   
5. 
   Moral-odob ahloq qoidalari, odamgarchilik
   
6. 
   Untiringly-energetic-charchamagan holatda
   
7. 
   died away-fade away- asta yo’qolmoq, kuchini yoqotmoq
   
8. 
   Decline(formal)-rad etmoq
   

TIMING THE CRITICISM

One of the chief faults in the ordinary method of giving "moral" instruction is in the time of day chosen for it. The parent sees that when the child is absorbed in work or play, the instruction passes over his head; he pays no attention. But at night, when he cuddles up on his mother's knee and loves her very much, and wants complete rest and a sense of security, she is apt to fail him and to cheat him of his wish by beginning her moral lesson of how she would like her little boy to behave. This completely spoils his sense of security and rest, and sets up a mental struggle, a wish to defend himself, which is a great cause of fatigue, for fatigue is at all times brought about much more by psychic than by physical experience. "Moral" instruction should be kept for an early hour in the day, when the creative impulse in the child is fresh. It will then do much less harm. Because a sense of inferiority is very easily set up in children, and because it is one of the most destructive of those neurotic disorders which incapacitate us for living, this advice should be followed strictly by parents wishing to bring up healthy children.

1.