International Economics
Download 7.1 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Dominick-Salvatore-International-Economics
IMF Survey Magazine, 25
Imitation process, technological gap model and, 172 Immigration. See also International labor migration U.S., debate and policy in, 386–387 wage inequalities and, 127–128 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 386–387 Immiserizing growth, 202–203 Imperfect capital mobilities, IS-LM-BP model with, 589–591 Imperfect competition, 163–175 Import productivity index, 339 Imports. See also Balance of payments; Exports; Nontariff trade barriers (NTBs); Price elasticities; Quotas; Tariffs capital, major net exporters and importers of, 11 commercial services, leading importers and exporters of, 23–24 GDP (gross domestic product) and, 6 income elasticity of imports, 547 input-output table and, 131 intra-regional-trade-agreement (RTA) exports, 319 leading industrial countries, volume changes for, 208–209 major goods exports and imports of U.S., 403 major trade partners of U.S., 9–10 merchandise, leading importers and exporters, 22–23 petroleum export to import prices, index of, 88 R&D science and, 173 restrictions on, 33–34 small open economy, import function of, 546–547 voluntary export restraints (VERs), 261–262 Import substitution, 131–132 developing nations and, 346–351 experience with, 348–349 Import-substitution industrialization (ISI) strategy, 347 trade liberalization and, 349 Import tariffs, 221 import quotas compared, 260 infant-industries and, 261–262 optimum tariff, 239–241 United States, economic effect of import tariffs in, 228 Uruguay Round and, 232 Income adjustment mechanism, 508 elasticity of demand of imports, 547 per capita in developing nations, 351–352 Income distribution short-run income distribution, 146–148 trade and, 126–128 Income inequalities, 352 traditional and purchasing-power parity (PPP) and, 359–360 Income terms of trade, 338 of developing nations, 342 historical movement in, 340–342 Incomplete specialization, 67 Increasing costs. See also Gains from trade equilibrium-relative commodity prices and, 66–67 illustration of, 58–59 incomplete specialization and, 67 marginal rate of transformation (MRT) and, 59 production frontier with, 58–60 reasons for, 59–60 small-country case and, 69 specialization and, 67–68 Increasing returns to scale, 159–160 Index of export to import prices for U.S, 88 India. See also G-20 countries antidumping investigations by, 266 Big Mac prices in, 467 capital deepening and output per worker, 200 capital-labor ratio of, 117, 196 current account balance of, 554 efficiency change and output per worker, 200 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranking, 179 factor abundance of, 116–117 factor intensity of trade, 122–123 GDP (gross domestic product), growth of, 554 GNI (gross national income) in, 205–206 growth in trade in, 205–206 International Monetary Fund (IMF) balance-of-payments summary for, 420 Japan, free trade agreement (FTA) with, 316 jobs moving to, 1 manufactures exports in, 351 multinational corporations (MNCs) of U.S., employment by, 381 nonagricultural products, tariffs on, 223 output per worker, growth in, 200 population, economic and health indicators in, 351–352 purchase power parity (PPP) in, 205–206 768 Subject Index India (continued ) technical progress and output per worker, 200 as trade partner of U.S., 409 trade reforms in, 350 as unfair trader, 281 Uruguay Round, gains from, 285 Indirect price of foreign currency, 430 Indonesia. See also G-20 countries in ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations), 317 Big Mac prices in, 468 currency depreciation in, 513 current account balance of, 554 foreign debt burden of, 353–354 GDP (gross domestic product), growth of, 554 as high-performance Asian economy (HPAE), 337 inflation in, 513, 633 Uruguay Round, gains from, 285 Industrialization. See also Import substitution in developing nations, 335, 346–347 export-oriented industrialization, 347 import-substitution industrialization (ISI) strategy, 347 Industrial nations. See Developing nations Industrial policies. See Strategic trade and industrial policies Industrial Revolution, 3–4 Industry location environmental standards and, 178–179 transportation costs and, 177–178 Infant/child mortality in developing nations, 351–352 and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 355 Infant-industry argument, 184, 271–272 Inferior goods, 199 Inflation. See also United States central bank independence and, 632 currency board arrangements (CBAs) and, 665–667 dollarization and, 667 East Asia, inflation in, 512–513 fixed exchange rates and, 652–654 flexible exchange rates and, 652–654 Latin America, inflation in, 512–513 Maastricht Treaty and, 659–661 monetary growth and, 476 petroleum prices and, 637 Phillips curve and, 597 relative purchasing-power parity (PPP) theory and, 469 unemployment and, 639, 648 Inflation targeting, 633 Input-output table, 131, 134 Institute for International Economics (IIE) web site, 28, 539, 686 Institute for Management Development (IMD), 175 Intellectualism and Uruguay Round, 283 Inter-American Development Bank, 314 web site, 572 Interbank market, 424 Interdependence, 6–9 standard of living and, 7 of world economy, 561–562 Interest arbitrage, 444–451 carry trade, 445–446 covered interest arbitrage, 446–450 uncovered interest arbitrage, 444–446 Interest Equalization Tax, 601 Interest-group theory of protectionism, 272–273 Interest rates. See also Uncovered interest rate parity autonomous increase in, 561–562 BP curve, 580 crawling peg system and, 670 on Eurocredits, 455 IS curve, 578–579 LM curve and, 580 Maastricht Treaty and, 659–661 monetary approach to the balance of payments and, 478–480 policy mix and, 597–600 portfolio balance model and, 482 Inter-industry trade, 166 INTERLINK model, 557 Internal balance, 573, 576–578 Mundell-Fleming model and, 578–581 policy mix and, 594–596 Internal factor mobility in Heckscher-Ohlin theory, 111 Internal strife and Sub-Saharan Africa, 355 International Air Transport Association, 263 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). See World Bank International banking facilities (IBFs), 454 International capital flows, 368–371. See also Direct investments; Multinational corporations (MNCs); Portfolio investments balance of payments and, 377 direct investments abroad by area by U.S., 369 foreign exchange rates and, 507–508 hedging and, 441–442 investing and host countries, welfare effects on, 375–376 long-term private international investment positions of U.S., 369 motives for, 371–374 as passive responses to temporary trade imbalances, 507 restrictions on, 708–709 tax issues and, 377–378 transfer problem, 390–391 welfare effects of, 374–378 International cartels, 263–264 International Cocoa Agreement, 345 International Coffee Agreement, 345–346 International commodity agreements, 263, 345–346 buffer stocks, 345 export controls, 345–346 purchase contracts, 346 International competitiveness, 175 International Development Association, 693 International economics development of, 13 Subject Index 769 problems and challenges of, 13–15 subject matter of, 12–13 theories and policies, 11–12 International economies of scale, 161–164 International factor mobility in Heckscher-Ohlin theory, 111 International finance, 13 International Finance Corporation, 693 Download 7.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling