Introduction to Sociology

Question 18 Answer: a first-generation college student A first-generation college graduate is likely to achieve a higher status as a young adult than he or she experienced as a child.
Question 19 Answer: absolute
This term refers to a condition where one cannot afford even the basic necessities, which typically include adequate food, clean water, safe housing, and access to healthcare.
Question 20 Answer: relative poverty
This term refers to a condition where people can afford necessities but are unable to meet their society’s average standard of living.
Question 21 Answer: subjective poverty
This term refers to one’s self-perception of poverty and is partially based on community standards of living.
Question 22 Answer: colonialism This term refers to an arrangement where powerful states occupy and exploit less powerful areas so as to extract value and to control markets.
Question 23 Answer: debt slavery
This phrase refers to an arrangement where workers are trapped in a cycle of poverty that is reinforced by the dominant company controlling one’s laboring, consuming and residential conditions.
Question 24 Answer: by tripling the cost of a nutritionally adequate diet and adjusting for other factors such as size of the family, composition and ages The poverty is calculated by the government adjusting the dollar amounts to represent the same buying power over time. It is a rough estimate of a good diet, multiplied by three.
Question 25 Answer: structural inequality
The term refers to external societal and cultural factors that constrain one’s prospects for upward mobility.
Question 26 Answer: serves a purpose in society
The thesis argues that without value-based stratification certain important jobs would not be filled, and society would suffer without these crucial components of the economic and social system.
Question 27 Answer: denied the opportunity to obtain
Tumin questioned the rationale for assigning value to certain jobs and pointed out that the Davis-Moore thesis didn’t account for racial or gender bias.