Is a country in North America

Provinces and territories
Main article: Provinces and territories of Canada
See also: Canadian federalism
Political map of Canada showing its 10 provinces and 3 territories
Canada is a federation composed of 10 federated states, called provinces, and three federal territories. In turn, these may be grouped into four main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada (Eastern Canada refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together).^[257] Provinces and territories have responsibility for social programs such as healthcare, education, and welfare,^[258] as well as administration of justice (but not criminal law). Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.^[259]
The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their sovereignty from the Crown^[260] and power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada^[261] and the commissioners represent the King in his federal Council,^[262] rather than the monarch directly. The powers flowing from the Constitution Act, 1867, are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively^[263] and any changes to that arrangement require a constitutional amendment, while changes to the roles and powers of the territories may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada.^[264]

References

1. 
   ^ "Royal Anthem". Government of Canada. August 11, 2017.
   
2. 
   ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved October 11, 2020.
   
3. 
   ^ "Population estimates, quarterly". Statistics Canada. September 27, 2023. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
   
4. 
   ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". February 9, 2022. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022.
   
5. 
   ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Canada)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
   
6. 
   ^ "Income inequality". OECD. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
   
7. 
   ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. September 8, 2022.
   
8. 
   ^ The Government of Canada and Standards Council of Canada prescribe ISO 8601 as the country's official all-numeric date format: Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau (1997). "5.14: Dates". The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing (Revised ed.). Dundurn Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-55002-276-6. The dd/mm/yy and mm/dd/yy formats also remain in common use; see Date and time notation in Canada.
   
9. 
   ^ Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1991). Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9.
   
10. 
    ^ Jump up to:^a b c Rayburn, Alan (2001). Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names. University of Toronto Press. pp. 14–22. ISBN 978-0-8020-8293-0.
    
11. 
    ^ Magocsi, Paul R. (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 1048. ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6.
    
12. 
    ^ "An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada". J.C. Fisher & W. Kimble. 1841. p. 20.
    
13. 
    ^ O'Toole, Roger (2009). "Dominion of the Gods: Religious continuity and change in a Canadian context". In Hvithamar, Annika; Warburg, Margit; Jacobsen, Brian Arly (eds.). Holy Nations and Global Identities: Civil Religion, Nationalism, and Globalisation. Brill. p. 137. ISBN 978-90-04-17828-1.
    
14. 
    ^ Morra, Irene (2016). The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II. I.B.Tauris. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-85772-867-8.
    
15. 
    ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Buckner, Philip, ed. (2008). Canada and the British Empire. Oxford Univer
    

Economy