Iso 9001: 2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2014

for outer iris boundary detection and detecting the pupil area 
and eyelashes and conducting the verification of the reliability 
of the segmentation results. Experimental results clear that it 
gives better segmentation of iris region and better detecting of 
upper and lower eyelids which result in valid iris region 
detection. This can be implemented in real time application 
due to less time taken by the algorithm in segmentation. 
Keywords— 
Iris 
detection, 
Segmentation, 
Hough 
transforms 
I. B
IOMETRIC 
T
ECHNOLOGY
A biometric system provides automatic recognition of a 
person on the basis of some sort of unique feature or 
characteristic possessed by that individual. Biometric 
systems have been developed on the basis of fingerprints, 
facial features, voice, hand geometry, handwriting, the 
retina and the one that is presented in this paper i.e. the iris. 
Biometric systems work by capturing a sample of the 
feature first, for example recording a digital sound signal 
for voice recognition. After taking the sample, that sample 
is transformed using some kind of mathematical function 
into a biometric template.
The biometric template will then give a normalized 
efficient and highly discriminating representation feature 
which can then be considerately compared with other 
templates in order to determine identity. Most biometric 
systems allow two modes of operation. An enrolment mode 
for the addition of templates to a database of preen rolled 
templates. A good biometric is described by use of a 
feature that is highly distinctive so that the chance of any 
two people having the same characteristic will be minimal, 
stable-so that the feature does not change over time, can be 
easily captured- in order to provide ease to the user, and 
prevent falsehood. 
II. I
RIS 
A
S 
A
B
IOMETRIC 
T
OOL
The iris is a thin circular diaphragm which lies between 
the lens and the cornea of the human eye. The iris is 
breached nearer to its center by a circular aperture known 
as the pupil. The use of the iris is to control the amount of 
light entering through the pupil and it is done by the 
sphincter and the dilator muscles which alter the size of the 
pupil. The average radius of the iris is 6mm, and the pupil 
size can vary from 10% to 80% of the iris radius. The iris 
contains a number of layers, the lower is the epithelium 
layer, which contains thick pigmentation cells. The stromal 
layer is above the epithelium layer and consists of blood 
vessels pigment cell and two iris muscles. The density of 
stromal pigmentation tells the colour of the iris. The 
externally visible surface of the multi layered iris consists 
of two zones, which slightly differ in colour. An external 
ciliary zone and these two zones are divided by the 
collarets- which is shown as a zigzag pattern. The 
development of the iris starts during the third month of 
embryonic life. The distinctive pattern on the iris is made 
during the first few years. Development of the distinctive 
patterns of the iris is random and not related to any genetic 
factors. The only feature that depends on genetics is the 
pigmentation of the iris, which determines its colour. Due 
to the epigenetic nature of iris patterns, the two eyes of a 
person consist of completely independent iris patterns and 
identical twins possess uncorrelated iris patterns. 

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