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Another threat to society is terrorism


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Another threat to society is terrorism.
Terrorism is one of the tactics of political struggle associated with the use of ideologically motivated violence. The essence of terrorism is violence for the purpose of intimidation. The subject of terrorist violence is individuals or non–governmental organizations. The object of violence is the government represented by individual civil servants or society represented by individual citizens (including foreigners, or civil servants of other states).
In addition – private and public property, infrastructure, life support systems. The purpose of violence is to achieve the desired development of events for terrorists – revolution, destabilization of society, unleashing a war with a foreign state, gaining independence by some territory, falling prestige of the authorities, political concessions from the authorities, etc.
Defining terrorism is not an easy task. The forms and methods of terrorist activity have changed significantly over time. This phenomenon has a stable negative assessment, which gives rise to an arbitrary interpretation. On the one hand, there is a tendency of unjustifiably extended interpretation, when some political forces call their opponents terrorists without sufficient grounds. On the other – unjustified narrowing. Terrorists themselves tend to call themselves soldiers, partisans, saboteurs behind enemy lines, etc. Hence the difficulties of both legal definitions and general theoretical understanding of terrorism.
Terror relies on violence and achieves its goals by demonstratively physically suppressing any active opponents in order to intimidate and deprive all potential opponents of power of the will to resist.
It is important to emphasize that terror is a policy of preventive violence and this distinguishes it from the harshest repressions against violators of laws. Terror is resorted to by the authorities seeking to radically change the existing order of things.
In such cases as a foreign conquest, or a social revolution, or the establishment of authoritarianism in a society with democratic traditions – that is, whenever political reality changes radically, and these changes inevitably provoke resistance from a significant part of society – the policy of terror lies in the arsenal of the new government's political strategies. The words "terrorism", "terrorist", "terrorist attack" are tracing papers from English (terrorism, terrorist, act of terrorism). In their original meaning, they are all connected with terror as a policy of intimidation. But here differences become crucial.
First of all, the subject of terrorist activity, that is, a terrorist, as a rule, is not the state, but organizations that set themselves political goals – coming to power, destabilizing society, pushing it to revolution, provoking entry into war, etc.
Forms and methods of terrorism:

  1. Analyzing the methods of terrorist activity, researchers distinguish:

  2. Explosions of state, industrial, transport, military facilities, newspaper and magazine editorial offices, various offices, party committees, residential buildings, train stations, shops, theaters, restaurants, etc.

  3. Individual terror or political assassinations – officials, public figures, bankers, law enforcement officers, etc.

  4. Political kidnappings. As a rule, they kidnap major statesmen, industrialists, journalists, military, foreign diplomats, etc. The purpose of the abduction is political blackmail (demands for the fulfillment of certain political conditions, the release of accomplices from prison, ransom, etc.)

  5. Seizure of institutions, buildings, banks, embassies, etc., accompanied by hostage-taking. Most often, this is followed by negotiations with representatives of the authorities, but history also knows examples of the destruction of hostages. The possession of hostages allows terrorists to negotiate "from a position of strength." Today it is one of the most common forms of terrorism.

  6. Hijacking of planes, ships or other vehicles, accompanied by hostage-taking. This form of terrorist activity became widespread in the 1980s.

  7. Robbing banks, jewelry stores, individuals, taking hostages for ransom. Robberies are an auxiliary form of terrorist activity that provides terrorists with financial resources.

  8. Non-fatal wounds, beatings, bullying. These forms of terrorist attack pursue the goals of psychological pressure on the victim and at the same time are a form of so-called "propaganda by action".

  9. Biological terrorism. For example, sending letters with anthrax spores.

  10. The use of toxic substances and radioactive isotopes.

  11. The arsenal of methods and forms of terrorism is constantly expanding. Now they are already talking about computer terrorism. In principle, any infrastructure of society, any industrial facilities, technological structures, waste storage facilities, damage to which is fraught with environmental disasters, can become an object of terrorist attack.

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