Kryachkov 2!indd

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Английский язык для магистратуры
T
he –ism Schism
Ex. 8. Express the same idea using the words and phrases from Ex. 4 instead of the 
underlined parts.
1. 
A failing state is almost always the product of a collapse of the power structures providing 
political support for law and order, a process generally caused and accompanied by internal 
violence. 
2. Because HIV is mostly a sexually transmitted disease, it’s easy for individuals with pre-exist-
ing negative attitudes about homosexuality, sex trade, promiscuity or sexually transmitted 
infections to humiliate and discriminate against people living with HIV/AIDS. 
3. For the first time in history, capitalism has spread its reach to the remotest parts of the world 
and claims to be a global system.
4. Iraq had the overwhelming support of the vast majority of Jordanians, and the US interven-
tion in the Gulf had the effect of uniting previously discordant political and social strands 
behind the King.
5. It has become fashionable among political scientists to claim that there is a causal link be-
tween democracy and peace, extrapolating from the observation that democracies tend not 
to go to war with one another.
6. It was during the 1990s that the transatlantic disagreement over American plans for missile 
defense emerged and many Europeans began grumbling about the American predisposi-
tion to choose force and punishment over diplomacy and persuasion.
7. 
Receiving welfare is highly disapproved of in U.S. society, fostering feelings of failure and 
self-blame.
8. Shortly after the KKK’s formation, Nathan Bedford Forrest, a former slave trader and Confed-
erate general, took charge of the organization and turned it into a militaristic, hierarchical 
entity.
9. The aim of the examination is to test high-level ability to understand, write and variously 
handle the general and special varieties of English used in business.
10. The First World War and its impact on British society was to have an immense significance for 
the emergence of British fascism.
11. The fundamental postulate of the European policy is that solving the Israeli-Palestinian situa-
tion will lead to a greater peace in the Middle East
12. The world revolution of 1968 was brought about by the discontents of all those who had 
been left out in the well-organized world order of U.S. hegemony. 
13. There has always been considerable social disgrace attached to the venereal diseases, prob-
ably more so in the country than the town. 
14. Where an allegation of harassment has been backed by facts, disciplinary action may be 
taken against the harasser, including dismissal or expulsion 
15. You do run the risk of being called a die-hard dogmatist any time you speak up for tradi-
tional values. 
Ex. 9. Complete the following sentences using the words and phrases from Ex. 4 in 
their correct form.
1. 
Just as the German language was __________ during World War I and even legislated against, 
similar sentiments surfaced during the Second World War regarding the Italian language. 
2. Today, in Europe and elsewhere, there is a widespread __________ that all Muslims think one 
way and all non-Muslims another. 

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