L. T. Kilevaya Doctor of Philological Sciences, Docent

Lecture 10. Homonyms.

1. 
   Classify homonyms into homonyms proper, homographs and homophones. Explain the meanings of these words in English.
   

а row [rou] – a row [rau], a fan – a fan, right (adj.) – right (n.), a
piece – peace, bean (n.) – been (v.), made (v) – maid (n), a bow [bəu] (n.) –
to bow [bau] (v.), tear [teə]- (v.) – a tear [tiə] (n.), sea (n.) – see (v.), a
band – a band, week (n.) – weak (adj.), desert (n.) – to desert (v.), flour (n.)

• 
  a flower, a mole – a mole.
  

2. 
   Work with the dictionary. Find fifteen homonyms, explain their meanings of these words in English and give their classification.
   

Lecture 11. Euphemisms.
Analyze the following euphemisms.

• 
  curvy, fluffy, full-figured or heavy-set instead of «fat»;
  
• 
  lost their lives for «were killed»;
  
• 
  ill-advised for ‘very poor or bad’;
  
• 
  pre-owned vehicles for «used cars»;
  
• 
  a student being held back a grade level for «having failed or flunked the grade level»;
  
• 
  sanitation worker (or sarcastically, sanitation officer or sanitation engineer) for «bin man» or «garbage man»;
  
• 
  alcohol-related, single-car crash for «drunk driver»;
  
• 
  specific about what one eats for being a picky eater;
  
• 
  intellectually challenged for «being mentally retarded»;
  
• 
  legal capital for «stated capital»;
  
• 
  gender reassignment for «sex change»;
  
• 
  differently abled for «disabled»;
  
• 
  chemical dependency for «drug addiction»;
  
• 
  dual-diagnosed for «having both mental illness and drug problems».
  

Lecture 12. Neologisms.
1. Analyze the following neologisms from the point of view of neology theory and also from the point of view of their morphemic structure and the way they were formed.
tourmobile, to de-dramatize , non-formals, to baby-sit, hide-away, to scrimp and save, fireside chat, cashless society, multinationals, hyperacidity, D-Day, religiosity, communication gap, laundered money, cheeseburger, micro-surgical, medicare.
3. Write a report or make presentation on the given themes:

• 
  Types of Neologisms and their characteristics.
  
• 
  Art and Music Neologisms.
  
• 
  Neologisms used in Mass Media.
  
• 
  Computing Neologisms.
  
• 
  Sports Neologisms.
  
• 
  Neologisms in Fashions, clothing, footwear.
  
• 
  New Business Words and new meanings.
  
• 
  The creation of Neologisms with the help of word-building.
  

Lecture 13. Phraseology. Word groups and phraseological units.

1. 
   Analyze the following phraseological units according to their meaning, structure, syntactical function and the way they are formed. Give Russian equivalents.
   

to leap into marriage; to stick your neck out; to be behind scenes; to be under someone’s thumb; to lend someone a hand; to pay through the nose; to jump out of one’s skin; as smart as paint; it’s my cup of tea; to be in the dog house; to get off one’s back; bosom friends; bitter truth; to ride the high horse; to spill the beans; to skate on thin ice; Cash and carry; to nose out; Berlin wall; a close mouth catches no flies; rain cats and dogs; to take the bull by the horns; a big bug; a fish out of water; a black look; to be green; to get into a jam; to stick your neck out; to be behind scenes; the green power; Green Berets; a home bird; a cat nap; to live from hand to mouth; Nuts and bolts.

2. 
   Complete the following similes. Translate the phraseological units into Russian.
   

1. 
   As busy as ... a. soot
   
2. 
   As sharp as … b. a lamb
   
3. 
   As cold as … c. a mouse
   
4. 
   As white as … d. ice
   
5. 
   As bold as … e. a fox
   
6. 
   As changeable as … f. a razor
   
7. 
   As greedy as … g. a bird
   
8. 
   As free as … h. brass
   
9. 
   As quiet as … i. a cat
   
10. 
    As black as … j. a pig
    
11. 
    As blind as … k. ABC
    
12. 
    As cunning as … l. a bat
    
13. 
    As gentle as … m. the hills
    
14. 
    As easy as … n. a bee
    
15. 
    As old as … o. chalk
    

Lecture 14. Differences between American and British Variants of English.

1. 
   Write the following words according to the British norms of spelling.
   

woolen, humor, color, check, program, catalog, center, favor, jewelry.

2. 
   Give American English equivalents.
   

Block of flats. Petrol. Bill. Pavement. Postbox. Form. Lift. Railway. Motor-car. State school. Chemist. Underground. Biscuits. Rubbish. Torch. Curtain. Trolley. Tap.

3. 
   Match the words in American English with their British equivalents.
   

American English words: 1. baggage; 2. blow-out; 3.gasoline; 4.round trip 5. line; 6. sidewalk. 7. subway; 8. tag; 9. truck; 10. vacation; 11. check;
12.yard; 13. wire; 14. drapes; 15. flashlight; 16. elevator ; 17. garbage;
18. French fries; 19. eraser; 20. purse.
British English words: A) rubber; B) telegram, C) garden, D) lift.
E) luggage, F) label, G) petrol, H) underground, I) queue, J) puncture,
K) lorry, L) chips; M) bill; N) torch; O) curtains. P) handbag; Q) return;

18. 
    rubbish; S) holiday; T) pavement.
    

Lecture 15. Formal and Informal Styles of Speech.

1. Match the Slang words with Standard English:

Slang Standard English

1. 
   Pal, mate a. child
   
2. 
   Guy, fellow, bloke b. dismiss
   
3. 
   Kid c. good
   
4. 
   Cops d. isn’t, aren’t
   
5. 
   Buck e. You are cheating me
   
6. 
   Quid f. pound
   
7. 
   Broose g. friend
   
8. 
   Down h. man
   
9. 
   Clear off i. police
   
10. 
    Chuck, sling j. alcohol
    
11. 
    Fire, sack k. dollar
    
12. 
    Great l. Thank you
    
13. 
    Sure m. Be careful!
    
14. 
    Watch it! n. to throw
    
15. 
    You’re having me on o. Of course!
    
16. 
    Tap. p. go away
    
17. 
    Ain’t (isn’t, aren’t, hasn’t, haven’t) r. depressed.