Language as an ethnic denominator in southern thailand: a case study of

 
C
HAPTER 
2:
 
L
ITERATURE 
R
EVIEW AND 
C
ONCEPTUAL 
 

F
RAMEWORK
 

 
2.0 Introduction 
24
2.1 Ethnic Group and Ethnicity 
24 
2.1.1 The Ethnic Group
28 
2.1.2 Characteristics of Ethnic Group 
31
2.1.3 Ethnic Group from Primordial perspective
32 

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2.1.4 Ethnic Group from Instrumentalism Perspective
32 
2.2 Meaning and Significance of an Identity to ethnic group 
35 
2.2.1 The Nature of Identity
37 
2.2.2 Sources of Identity 
38 
2.2.3 Identity Effects on Intractability 
39 
2.2.4 Shapers of Identity 
44 
2.2.4.1. Internal Factors and Processes 
42 
2.2.4.2 Relations with Adversaries
44 
2.2.4.3 Social Context
45 
2.2.5 Ethnic Identity and Nationalism 
46 
2.2.5.1 Ethnic Nationalism.
49 
32.2.5.2 Civic Nationalism.
49 
2.3 Language and Ethnic Identity
51 
2.3.1 Language and Ethnicity: Two Approaches to Ethnicity 
55
2.3.2 Language as an Ethnic Distinction 
56 
2.3.3 Language and the Context of Group Membership 
59 
2.3.4 Language as a Marker of Identity
59 
2.3.5 Language Shift and Language Maintenance 
61 
2.3.6 Nationalism
64 
2.3.6.1 Language and Nationalism
66 
2.3.6.2 Nationalism, Language Shift and Language
Maintenance 
69 
2.3.6.3 The role of language in the formation of
nationhood 
70 
2.3.6.4 Ideology of ―official nationalism‖ and
―Official language‖
72
2.4 Summary
72