Language teaching methodology

2. Current problems on the scientific and theoretical foundations of science, The concept of pedagogical technology first
appeared in the United States in the middle of the 20th century, and until the mid-1940s and 1950s, it was called "Educational technology" and this phrase refers to teaching using technical tools. lanned. In the 50s and 60s, programmed education was envisaged.

First, let's clarify the concept of "technology". This word entered the science in 1872 in connection with technical progress and comes from two Greek words - "technos" (techne) - art, skill, craft and "logos" (logos) - science. It means "craft science". However, even this expression does not fully describe the modern technological process. The technological process provides for the execution of operations in a certain sequence, always using the necessary tools and conditions. To be more precise, a technological process is the activity of a worker (working machine) to create a product as a result of step-by-step impact on labor objects (raw materials) with labor tools. If we turn this definition to the topic of research, that is: Pedagogical technology is the influence of the teacher (educator) on students (students) in certain conditions with the help of educational tools. show and this

as a product of activity, it is the process of forming predetermined personal qualities in them.
As can be seen from the definition given above, the process of technology was taken as the basis for explaining the concept of pedagogical technology. In fact, there are many definitions of this concept in pedagogical literature.
The term "technology" can be found in various forms in pedagogical literature: "teaching technology", "educational technology", "information technology", "learning process technology", etc. Although teaching technology is a concept close to pedagogical technology, it does not mean exactly the same, because it expresses the way of mastering specific educational material within a certain subject, topic and questions around a certain technology. . It stands alongside a more proprietary methodology.

Pedagogical technology represents the tactics of introducing information technology and is built on the basis of knowledge related to the laws of the functional system of "teacher-pedagogical process-student (student)".

It should be noted separately that at the same time there is no single opinion on the logical-ideological interpretation of the concept of educational technology. More than 300 definitions are given in pedagogical literature.
As mentioned above, although the theory of pedagogical technology has been based since the second half of the last century, there are different approaches to the concept of "pedagogical technology". In particular, pedagogic scientist VP Bespalko defines pedagogical technology as "a project of a specific pedagogical system applied in practice" and focuses on the preliminary design of the educational and pedagogical process. And NFTalzina notes that pedagogical technology should be "an independent science that develops methods that promote certain principles between science and practice, and is directed to solving issues such as their consistent maintenance" and so on.
Definitions of pedagogical technology:
One of the widely developing directions in the current field of education is the use of modern pedagogical technologies. It is known that the process of education consists of the older generation teaching their knowledge and experiences to the younger generation, and in this process, the information necessary for human life is transferred from generation to generation.
There are different definitions of educational technology, and each definition represents an approach from a certain point of view. Let's look at some basic definitions and their interpretations.
Pedagogical technology is the activity of forming a perfect person. Technology is a set of methods, ways used in a job, skill, art (Explanatory
Dictionary).
Technology is processing, the art of changing the situation, skill, ability, set of methods (VMShepel).
Pedagogical technology - forms, methods, methods, ways of teaching, education, a special collection and composition (location) of educational tools a complex of determining psychological procedures (ustanovka): it consists of organizational and methodological tools of the pedagogical process (BTLikhachev).
Pedagogical technology is a project of the process of forming the student's personality, which can guarantee pedagogical success regardless of the teacher's skills (VBBespalko).

Details of the process of achieving the planned results of pedagogical technology-education (IPVolkov)

Pedagogical technology-learning process model of joint pedagogical activity (VM
Monakhov).
Systematic method of creation, application and determination of all processes of teaching and knowledge acquisition, which aims to optimize forms of education, taking into account pedagogical technology-technical resources, people and their interaction (UNESCO).

Pedagogical technology is a unique new (innovative) approach to teaching. It is an expression of social-engineering thinking in pedagogy, an image of technocathetic scientific consciousness transferred to the field of pedagogy, a certain standardization of the educational process (BLFarberman).

The process of influencing students in certain conditions and consistency with the help of teaching (educational) tools of the teacher and forming predetermined qualities in them as a product of this activity (N.Saidahmedov).

It can be seen from the mutual diversity of some of the above definitions that the concept of pedagogical technology is multifaceted and can be approached from pedagogical, psychological, didactic, organizational, economic, social, ecological and other points of view.

Pedagogical technology consists in the process of learning to create new information by mastering information technology, using it in practice, discovering new meanings in them and various connections between information.
Pedagogical technology-educational methods, methods, ways and educational
set of tools: it is a set of organizational and methodological tools of the pedagogical process. Pedagogical technology consists of the process of transferring and mastering information
in a form and method convenient for learning.
So, pedagogic technology is in advance of the person (educator). consists of influencing activities on the set goal.
Pedagogical technology enables the student to study independently, acquire knowledge, and think is a process that guarantees teaching.
Summary. In the process of pedagogical technology, under the guidance of the teacher, the student independently acquires knowledge, learns and assimilates.
Implementation of this activity includes such processes as organization, conduct, improvement, analysis, research, comparison, generalization, conclusion, management, control, evaluation.
3. Development history of pedagogical technology.

As can be seen from the history of pedagogy, teaching and personnel training The search for more perfect methods and methods has been ongoing.

Teaching is a productive activity like any other activity, even if it is not immediately visible when the activity of an effective pedagogue is completed for the development of society.
Economic periods in the history of society do not differ only according to what is produced, how much is produced by whom, and with what means of labor.

It is from this point of view that we have the "pedagogical" existing in social history development period.

I. The period of pedagogical activity of the individual pedagogue, manual pedagogue (from ancient times to the 17th century);
II. The era of the writing book (from the 17th century to the present); III. The period of audiovisual means (50s of
XX century); IV. The era of simple means of automating training management (XX 70s of the century);
V. Management of education on the basis of modern computers era of adaptive tools in automation (late 20th century computer training).
Initially, in the 20s of the 20th century, the term "Pedagogical technology" was mentioned for the first time in pedagogy. At the same time, another term - "pedagogical technique" - also spread. It was expressed in the pedagogical encyclopedia in the 1930s as methods and tools aimed at clearly and effectively organizing educational activities.

From the 1940s to the mid-1950s, this concept was used as "educational technology" and represented the use of audiovisual equipment in the educational process. In the

mid-60s, the content of this concept was widely discussed abroad in pedagogical publications and international conferences, as a result of which two directions of its interpretation were defined in different countries (USA, England, Japan, France, Italy, Hungary) in this field.
Supporters of the first direction are technical tools and programmed training they emphasized the need to use tools.
Supporters of the second direction considered it important to increase the effectiveness of the organization of the educational process and to eliminate the fact that pedagogical ideas are lagging behind the rapid development of technology. Thus, direction 1 was defined as "technical tools in teaching", The 2nd direction was defined as "teaching technology" or "learning process technology". In the early
70s, it was realized the need to modernize various equipment and educational tools. Without them, the quality and effectiveness of teaching could not be achieved. Later, specialized organizations and centers began to deal with this problem.

1971 - "US Association for Pedagogical Communications and Technologies" was established in the USA. Currently, 50 branches of this council are working across the country and in Canada. in the USA in 1961

"Pedagogical Technology" magazine (Educational Technology), and in 1971 - "Audiovisual Education" magazine began to be published.
In England, 1967 - the National Council for Pedagogical Technology began to publish the magazine "Pedagogical Technology and Teaching Programming" in 1964, and the magazine "Pedagogical Technology" in 1971.
In Japan - 4 scientific organizations deal with the problems of pedagogical technologies. In 1967, the "National Council on Pedagogical Technologies" was established, its branches are located in 22 state universities. Since 1965, the magazine "Pedagogical Technology" has been published every three
months in Japanese, and the magazine "Research in the field of Pedagogical Technologies" has been published twice a year in English. Recently, the "Central Council of Pedagogical Technologies" was established, which is also engaged in establishing international relations on the issues.
In Italy, in 1971, the National Center for Pedagogical Technologies was established and "Pedagogical technologies" magazine is published.
In Hungary - in 1973, the State Center for Teaching Technology was established. Scientist at the International Seminar on Teaching Technology (Budapest, 1977).
SGShapovalenko showed three technological principles of the teaching process:
1. Perfect acquisition of knowledge and techniques.
2. Acquaintance with the fund of audiovisual materials.

3. Knowing the methodology of their effective use, including the development of a creative approach.

The Hungarian scientist L. Salai greatly expanded the scope of the organizers of the educational process by including the selection of the most important tools and materials in order to increase the efficiency of the planning, analysis of goals, scientific organization of the process of educational work, and the concept of "teaching technology".
In the 80s of the 20th century, attempts to understand the modern pedagogical process and the essence of pedagogical technology continued.
Russia In the 90s of the 20th century, the Center for Pedagogical Technologies was established, the magazines "School Technology", "Innovations in Education" are published.
Since the adoption of the National program of personnel training in Uzbekistan in 1997, the problems of pedagogical technologies have been raised as actual research objects in the educational system and pedagogical publications. In 1999, the Center for Pedagogical

Technologies were established under the Republican Education Center. Magazines such as "Educational Technologies" and "Educational Problems" began to be published, articles on the problems of pedagogical technologies were published in the magazines "People's Education", "Pedagogical Education", "Education and Education", " Marifat", "Teachers' Gazette" and other scientific and pedagogical publications are published. In 1994, the I-Republic scientific theoretical conference on the problems of

pedagogical technologies was held, the materials of lectures and reports were published in a special collection.
Pedagogical scientists U.Nishonaliev, NSSaidahmedov, NNAzizkhodjaeva, Ziyomuhammedov, O'.Tolipov, BLFaberman and others are conducting serious research on the problems of pedagogical technologies in the Republic.
In 2000, under the leadership of Professor NNAzizkhodzhaeva, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, the Center for Innovative Technologies was established at Nizomiy Tashkent State Pedagogical University.