Lantanoid va Aktinoidlar

Aktinoidlarning +6 birikmalari

► Asosan U, ba’zida Np, Pu, Am va Cm uchun xos

► Shu jihatdan VIB guruhga o’xshaydi

► Ular EO2+ va EO22+ holida bo’ladi

► UO22+ uranil

► H2EO4 gidroksidlari asos xossaga ega va kislotalarda eriydi:

AnO2(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = AnO2(NO3)2 + 2H2O UO3 + 2HCl = UO2Cl2 + H2O

► H2EO4 faqat ishqorlar bilan reaksiyaga kirishganda kislotalik xossasini namoyon qiladi

► UO2(NO3)2 - uranning eng keng ishlatiladigan reaktivi

27

Aktinoidlarning +7 birikmalari

► Kuchli oksidlovchilar ta’sirida oksoneptuniy(VI) va oksoplutoniy(VI) +7 birikmalariga o’tadi

2NpO42- + O3 + 2OH- = 2NpO53- + O2 + H2O

► NpO2(OH)3 - amfoter

► +7 birikmalari kuchli oksidlovchi

28

Aktinoidlarning ishlatilishi

► Asosan atom energiyasiga bog’liq sohalarda ishlatiladi

► Dunyo bo’ylab 400 ta atom reaktori ishlamoqda va elektr energiyasining 17%ni ishlab chiaqrayapti

► Atom bombalarida yoqilg’I sifatida

► Th va U katalizator sifatida Ni-ThO2/Al2O3

► 233u, 235u va 239Pu energiya manbalari

► 241Am neytron yadro reaksiyalarida manbasi

► 1 g 252Cf 1 s da 2.41012 ta neytron ajratadi ► atom reaktorlarida reaksiyani boshlashda ishlatiladi

►

29

Aktinoidlarning organizmga ta’siri/Transaktinoidlar

► Og’ir metallar bo’lib, hujayraga ta’sir qiladi

► Asosan havo orqali zaharlanish ro’y beradi

L.7 Names and symbols in current use (or proposed) for elements 104-112

1977)(a)

IUPAC (1997)

Other names suggested from time to time

lm (Unq) m (Unp) n (Unh) m (Uns) i (Uno) n (Une) i (Uun) (Uuu)

Rutherfordium (Rf) Dubnium (Db) Seaborgium (Sg) Bohrium (Bh) Hassium (Hs) Meitnerium (Mt)

Kurchatovium (Ku)t Dubnium (Db)

Nielsbohrium (Ns), Hahnium (Ha), Joliotium (Jl) Rutherfordium (R0 Nielsbohrium (Ns)

Hahnium (Hn)

30

Table 31.8 Isotopes of the transactinide elements

(1997)

Z (Discovered)

No. of isotopes

Mass

range

*1/2

range

104

105

106

107

108

109

110 111 112

(1969)

(1970) (1974)

(1981) (1984)

(1982) (1994) (1994) (1996)

9(?10)

7

6

3

3

2

3

1

1

253-262 255-263 259-266 261-264 264, 265, 269 266, 268 269, 271, 273 272 277

7 ms-65 s 1.3s-34s 3.6 ms-30 s 12 ms-0.44 s 80 (as— 19.7 s 3.4 ms-70 ms 0.1 ms-0.2 ms 1.5 ms 0.28 ms