Large numbers in First Wave of Immigration and in every wave after

Large numbers in First Wave of Immigration and in every wave after

• Large numbers in First Wave of Immigration and in every wave after

• German: Bavaria, Prussia, Haden and other German states

• Cincinnati is a major destination

• 1788: First Germans arrive in Cincinnati

• Within Cincinnati – Over-the-Rhine (OTR) neighborhood was a primary destination

OTR was located north of downtown Cincinnati across the Miami and Erie Canal

• OTR was located north of downtown Cincinnati across the Miami and Erie Canal

• The neighborhood was originally connected to downtown by bridge

• Residents said they were “Crossing the Rhine” referring to the Old Country and the Rhine River. The new American neighborhood became known as Over-the-Rhine

Many Germans immigrated to the US because they participatedr in failed European revolutions in 1832 and again in 1848.

• Many Germans immigrated to the US because they participatedr in failed European revolutions in 1832 and again in 1848.

• Emigrants left the German states to avoid military service, religious and economic struggles, and a lack of opportunity to own land

• http://www-lib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/chap2.html

Germans found available land

• Germans found available land

• Germans found comfort in aid societies (clubs) based on common religious ideas, language and hobbies

• German immigrants found work in Ohio building the canals

• In Cincinnati, many settle and write home, beginning a series of chain migrations

Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. Additionally, a canal might open Ohio up to other industry.

• Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. Additionally, a canal might open Ohio up to other industry.

• The Miami and Erie became one of Ohio’s most important canals during the mid 19th century.

• Produce could travel much more quickly by canal boat than by turnpike.

• www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=753

The Ohio canals were dug by hand, with picks and shovels. Occasionally, teams of horses and oxen powered slip scoops and pulled wagons.

• The Ohio canals were dug by hand, with picks and shovels. Occasionally, teams of horses and oxen powered slip scoops and pulled wagons.

• The canals not only carried people and freight, but served as swimming and fishing holes and as ice rinks

They brought recipes, ingredients, and knowledge of brewing

• They brought recipes, ingredients, and knowledge of brewing

• Locating in OTR, they had access to the canal

• What are two ways brewers used the canals?

German immigrants continued to arrive and work in the breweries AND…they began related companies

• German immigrants continued to arrive and work in the breweries AND…they began related companies

• Coopers: barrelmakers
• Suppliers: ice chest makers and tool & die companies
• Retailers: restaurants, taverns, and inns

Their goal was to find a job, but over time they actually developed new markets and jobs for others. An entire community was built on the success of these first immigrants

• Their goal was to find a job, but over time they actually developed new markets and jobs for others. An entire community was built on the success of these first immigrants

• Architecture: As in other lasting ethnic communities, particular styles dominated (Italianate and Gothic Revival)

Artistic Expression: Fountain Square(a gift from its sister city, Munich Germany), The Cincinnati Music Hall, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and the Conservatory of Music

• Artistic Expression: Fountain Square(a gift from its sister city, Munich Germany), The Cincinnati Music Hall, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and the Conservatory of Music

• Language: words including blitz, dachsund, deli, diesel, nickel, fahrenheit and weiner, also the city of “Zinzinnati”

Religion: German Catholic parishes such as St. Mary’s, and a strong Protestant presence which resulted in the first German Methodist Church.

• Religion: German Catholic parishes such as St. Mary’s, and a strong Protestant presence which resulted in the first German Methodist Church.

• Food: sausages, sauerkraut, potato salad, soft pretzels, strudel and bratwurst

Grammer’s Restaurant on Walnut Street was the oldest German restaurant in OTR. It opened in 1872. OTR’s Findlay Market is the oldest open public market in the city. It is a German-style market.

• Grammer’s Restaurant on Walnut Street was the oldest German restaurant in OTR. It opened in 1872. OTR’s Findlay Market is the oldest open public market in the city. It is a German-style market.

• Nationally, the German Christmas was the base for many American Christmas traditions including the gift-giving, the Christmas tree and the emphasis on family.

Ethnic Diversity and Civic Identity

• Ethnic Diversity and Civic Identity

• German Heritage Guide to the Greater Cincinnati Area, 2nd ed.

• The Images of America: German Cincinnati

• Over the Barrel: the Brewing History and Beer Culture of Cincinnati

• The Survival of an Ethnic Community

• www.energyofanation.com

• www.ohiohistorycentral.org

• www.ohiomemory.org

• www.otrfoundation.org

• www.pgcincinnati.com

• www.wikipedia.com