Lecture 10. The pragmatic approach to the text d. U. Ashurova, M. R. Galieva Copyright Only for Personal Use

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LECTURE 10. THE PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO THE TEXT 
 
D.U. Ashurova, M.R. Galieva 
Copyright 
Only for Personal Use 
Source: Text Linguistics. Turon-Iqbol, 2016.
 
The study of the text as a means of communicative interaction in the 
sociocultural context puts forward the problem of text pragmatics as one of the main 
text parameters. Before we proceed with the discussion of this problem, it is 
necessary to ascertain some assumptions of linguopragmatics. 
Linguopragmatics is one of the trends of communicative linguistics, which in 
its general sense can be defined as a science studying language factors within the 
sphere of the human activity with an accent on psychological, social and cultural 
aspects of language functioning. There is a variety of definitions concerning 
linguopragmatics. Summing up all the views, we can point out the following aspects 
and approaches: 

the relations between a sign and its users (Morris, 1978:8); 

contextual conditionality, language usage, language in the context (Сусов, 
1985:4); 

speech impact on the addressee, the factors influencing successful and 
effective communication (Кисилева,1978:8); 

interpretative aspects of speech communication (Арутюнова, 1989); 

language as a tool of a purposeful communicative activity (Грайс, 1985); 

the problem of mutual understanding and appropriateness of language use 
(Dijk T.A. van, 1977) 
It is necessary to note that all these aspects are by no means incompatible. 
They present linguopragmatic researches in a variety of domains which are mutually 
complementary. The analysis of the linguistic literature has shown that linguo– 

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pragmatics embraces a wide range of problems, but for text linguistics the most 
relevant of them are: 

speech strategies and speech impact; 

pragmatic intentions and their types; 

linguistic personality; 

appropriateness and effectiveness of textual communication
. 
Before proceeding with the analysis of these problems, it should be stressed 
that the pragmatic approach to the text requires the term “discourse”. The notion of 
discourse has been already discussed (see 6.3). It should be stressed here that this 
term is rather ambiguous, and is still under discussion. There are many views, 
approaches, trends. Despite the multitude of discourse definitions the idea of its 
situational interpretation receives strong scientific support. It means that discourse 
should be analyzed in a complex combination of social, psychological, cultural 
conditions of communication. In other words, as Karasik V. has put it, within the 
framework of linguopragmatics (2004). 
So, discourse pragmatics raises the question of situational interpretation 
which, in its turn, introduces the notion of a communicative-pragmatic situation. The 
communicative-pragmatic situation is understood as a complex of external 
conditions and circumstances of communication. According to E.S.Aznaurova the 
communicative- pragmatic situation can be presented by a chain questions: who – 
what – where – when – how – why – to whom (1988:38). (See diagram 14):