Lecture Stylistics as a science. Problems of stylistic research. Plan


polysemy: Massachusetts was hostile to the American flag


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Stylistics for students (1)

polysemy: Massachusetts was hostile to the American flag, and she would not allow it to be hoisted on her State House;
zeugma: May’s mother always stood on her gentility, and Dot’s mother never stood on anything but her active little feet. (Dickens)
“Dora, plunging at once into privileged intimacy and into the middle of the room”. (B. Shaw)
The pun: “Bow to the board,” said Bumble. Oliver brushed away two or three tears that were ling/g/erring (сдерживать, удерживать) in his eyes; and seeing no board but the table, fortunately bowed to that’. (Dickens)
Puns are often used in riddles and jokes, for example, in this riddle: What is the difference between a schoolmaster and an engine-driver? (One trains the mind and the other minds the train.)
C. Means based on the opposition of logical and emotive meanings:
interjections and exclamatory words:
All present life is but an interjection
An ‘Oh’ or ‘Ah’ of joy or misery,
Or a ‘Ha! ha!’ or ‘Bah!’—a yawn or ‘Pooh!’
Of which perhaps the latter is most true.
(Byron)
Epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase used to chracterise a person or object with the aim to give them subjective evaluation): a well-matched, fairly-balanced give-and-take (взаимные уступки, компромисс, обмен любезностями) couple. (Di­ckens).
as he was helping her into her coat and as usual searching with a frown for the fugitive armhole. (V. Nabokov. Pnin).
two monstrous status on primitive eyes of stone…(V. Nabokov. Pnin).
Oxymoron (a figure of speech in which opposite or contradictory ideas are combined): peopled desert, populous solitude, proud humility. (Byron)
D. Means based on the interaction of logical and nominal meanings:
Antonomasia (the use of a proper name in place of a common one or vice versa to emphasise some feature or quality): Mr. Facing-Both-Ways does not get very far in this world (The Tunes)

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