Lecture1 content,subject and methods of investigation stylistics

In every-day speech we often hear such a phrase as “Well, it will only add fuel to the fire” which can be replaced by synonymous neutral expressions, like “It will make the situation worse”.

• In every-day speech we often hear such a phrase as “Well, it will only add fuel to the fire” which can be replaced by synonymous neutral expressions, like “It will make the situation worse”.
• At the syntactical level there are many synonymous constructions, there the second in each pair contains emphatic elements:
• 1) I have never seen such a film. Never have I seen such a film.
• 2) Mr. Smith came in first. It was Mr. Smith who came in first.
• These expressive means are widely used for stylistic purposes

The stylistic device is a conscious and intentional literary use of some of the facts of the language (including expressive means) in which the most essential features of the language are generalized.

• The stylistic device is a conscious and intentional literary use of some of the facts of the language (including expressive means) in which the most essential features of the language are generalized.
• Most stylistic devices are regarded as aiming at the further intensification of the emotional or logical emphasis in the corresponding expressive means. Stylistic devices must always have some function in the text, besides they bring some additional information. The conception that words possess several meanings give rise to such stylistic devices as metaphor, metonymy, irony, epithet, hyperbole, simile, zeugma, pun,allusion and others

A common example of a cognitive metaphor is the idea of "up" and "down" being used to indicate the quantity of something. When the cost of a product, which is a quantitative value, increases, it is said to “go up" or to "rise." These types of concepts are quite common and are found among a number of different cultures.For example, understanding quantity in terms of directionality in every day speech people use metaphors “the prices are rising” or in Karakalpak language “bahalar o’sip atir”.The idea that when a product becomes more expensive, it is said that the "prices are rising," (“bahalaro’sip atir”) is a cognitive metaphor. The cost of the product is not physically increasing in height. It is a quantitative value that is increasing in magnitude and cost

• A common example of a cognitive metaphor is the idea of "up" and "down" being used to indicate the quantity of something. When the cost of a product, which is a quantitative value, increases, it is said to “go up" or to "rise." These types of concepts are quite common and are found among a number of different cultures.For example, understanding quantity in terms of directionality in every day speech people use metaphors “the prices are rising” or in Karakalpak language “bahalar o’sip atir”.The idea that when a product becomes more expensive, it is said that the "prices are rising," (“bahalaro’sip atir”) is a cognitive metaphor. The cost of the product is not physically increasing in height. It is a quantitative value that is increasing in magnitude and cost