Lesson 4 Principle Wine Regions of the World a unique gift from nature and the earth’s geology

of Bailey and Muscat Hamburg types. Koshu (Japan’s signature grape variety) yields delicate dry white wines, Yamanshi

region accounts for 95% of Koshu plantings (480 hectares).

Quality control: ‘Mark of origin’ legal designation for wine produced in Japan similar to AOC. No nationwide

organization of legal designation, anything domestically fermented or imported can be labelled ‘Japanese wine’ .

Independent self-governing municipal bodies have begun systems of regional appellation (i.e. Nagano Prefecture’s ‘

Appellation Control System’ and Koshu’s ‘ ‘Wine Domain of Origin certificate Regulation’ .

Lesson 4: Principle Wine Regions of the World 4.18 Macedonia

• Pearl of the Balkans, contains diverse terrain, while part of former Yugoslavia it was a major wine producer. 1980s

• accounted for two thirds of Yugoslav wine production. After the breakup wine production decreased from 1.8mil

• hectolires to 447,000 in 2002.

• Currently produces 22,400 hectares of vineyards. 30,000 hectares of vineyards for table grapes.

• Red wine production dominates (80%) Macedonian wine production.

• In European Union ‘Macedonian wine’ is a protected geographical indiciation (PGI)

• Wine growing regions

• Povardarje: around the capital Skopje, centrally located in the country and the most important region.

• Pcinja-Osogovo: to the east on the border with Bulgaria.

• Pelagonija-Polog: around Lake Ohrid, to the west on the border with Albania.

• Grape varieties (common in cultivation includes a large proportion of indigenous varieties, and common Central Europe and the Balkans

• varieties).

• Red varieties: Vranec (Vranac) – most common variety of Macedonia, Kratosija, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.

• White varieties: Smederevka, Welschriesling (Laski Rizling), Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and Zilavka.

Lesson 4: Principle Wine Regions of the World 4.19 New Zealand [ Wine map of New Zealand ]

Lesson 4: Principle Wine Regions of the World 4.19 New Zealand (continued)

• New Zealand (NZ) consists of two long narrow islands with the Pacific ocean to their right and the Tasman Sea to their left therefore the climate is maritime with the exception of the northern vineyards around Auckland which is subtropical. The climate differs for the other regions as follows Marlborough - north-east of South Island (sunny), Central Otago most southernly vineyard area in world (dry and continental). Most vineyards in NZ are located on the eastern seaboard, heavy rainfall is the biggest challenge.

• Grape varieties, regions NZ

• Winemaking: NZ used their extensive experience of the dairy industry (temperature control stainless steel, hygiene) to deliver excellent varietal creations in their wines, most noteably their Sauvignon Blanc. As pioneers in canopy management and trellising techniques helped them to deliver great flavours and sugars.

• Grape Varieties: Sauvignon Blanc (SB) is NZ best with Marlborough SB marked as the best. Chardonnay is widely planted delivering pure, clean fruit and crisp acidity especially Gisborne (riper, exotic), Marlborough and Central Otago (lean). Pinot Noir in Martinborough (cherry and velvety), Central Otago (storng flavours and complex).

• Wine Regions of NZ

• South Island: Marlborough big SB area (north east corner around the town of Blenheim, sunny climate, excellent vineyards on the

• Wairau Valley (stony soils). Chardonnay and Pinot Noir also planted here used for sparkling wines.

• Nelson (north west corner of the island, fruit orchards), late harvest wines. Canterbury is developing, Most of the vineyards around Waipara and outside Christchursh.

• Central Otago (south, continental climate warm days and cool nights). Irrigation is good, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling planted.

• North Island: Auckland region: mainly red wines (heavy clay soils).

• Poverty Bay – Gisborne (east coast) fertile soils good Chardonnay.

• Hawkes Bay (south on east coast) across towens of Hastings and Napier, Chardonnay and Cabernet Suavignon, Merlot (especially Gimblett Road).

• Wairarapa (north Wellington) – Martinborough, good Pinot Noir and small good wineries.

Lesson 4: Principle Wine Regions of the World 4.20 Portugal [ Wine map of Portugal ]

Lesson 4: Principle Wine Regions of the World 4.20 Portugal (continued)

• Location and size: south west Europe, As a land mass Portugal is 1/7 the size of the whole Iberian Peninsula.

• Climate , weather and major rivers: south (Mediterranean), inland (continental), near the coast (maritime), because no place in

• Portugal is further than 150 km from the sea, rain can be a problem near this coast. The major rivers Minho, Douro, Mondego, Tejo

• and the Guadiana help temper these various climatic conditions throughout the country.

• Soils: Bairrada (limestone and clay), Douro Valley and Dao (granite and schist), the coast (sandy Colores soil).

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