Lexis meaning ‘word, phrase’ (hence lexicos ‘having to do with words’) and logos


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Лексикология (Билеты с 1 по 10)

3. defective segmentation – components never occur in other words or very seldom, one the component morphemes is a unique morpheme in the sense that it does not, as a rule, recur in a different linguistic environment.
Ex. en-hance
hance is a unique morpheme
ham-let - деревушка
dis-may
straw-berry
cran-berry
rasp-berry
A unique morpheme is isolated and understood as meaningful because the constituent morphemes display a more or less clear denotational meaning. There is no doubt that in the nouns streamlet (ручеек), ringlet (колечко), leaflet, etc. the morpheme -let has the denotational meaning of diminutiveness and is combined with the morphemes stream-, ring-, leaf-, etc. each having a clear denotational meaning. Things are entirely different with the word hamlet. The morpheme -let retains the same meaning of diminutive-ness, but the sound-cluster [hæm] that is left after the isolation of the morpheme -let does not recur in any other English word with anything like the meaning it has in the word hamlet. It is likewise evident that the denotational and the differential meaning of [hæm] which distinguishes hamlet from streamlet, ringlet, etc. is upheld by the denotational meaning of -let.
The same is exemplified by the word pocket which may seem at first sight non-segmentable. However, comparison with such words as hogget (ягненок), lionet (ягненок), cellaret (погребок), etc. leads one to the isolation of the morpheme -et having a diminutive meaning, the more so that the morphemes lock-, hog-, lion-, cellar-, etc. recur in other words (cf. hog, hoggery; lion, lioness; cellar, cellarage). At the same time the isolation of the morpheme -et leaves in the word pocket the sound-cluster [роk] that does not occur in any other word of Modern English but obviously has a status of a morpheme with a denotational meaning as it is the lexical nucleus of the word. The morpheme [роk] clearly carries a differential and distributional meaning as it distinguishes pocket from the words mentioned above and thus must be qualified as a unique morpheme.



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