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Lesson 40 – Cause & Effect
The word “cause” is primarily used with negative results: a storm can
cause damage, a mechanical
defect can
cause a problem, unclear instructions can
cause confusion, a political scandal can
cause an
uproar (a strong negative reaction/manifestation from the public), a high-risk sport can
cause injury,
and an infection in a hospital can
cause death.
You can describe something as
cause for concern or
cause for alarm – meaning a reason for concern or
alarm. For example, “The growing number of teenagers dropping out of school is
cause for concern.”
The word “alarm” is a little stronger and more urgent: “The rapid spread of the virus is
cause for alarm.”
One of the only positive collocations with “cause” is
cause for celebration: “The opening of the new
school was
cause for celebration in the community.”
When analyzing a problem, you can identify the
main/primary cause of the issue – but keep in mind
that there may be
hidden/underlying causes as well. The deepest or most fundamental cause is
sometimes called the
root cause.
Interestingly, we do not use the verb “cause” together with “effect.” Instead, we say that something
has
an effect – for example, “Television
has a strong effect on public opinion.” Another way to say “a strong
effect” is the expression
a significant impact or
a profound impact.
There are many different ways to describe effects:
short-term vs.
long-term effects – the time of the effect
visible effects vs.
subtle effects – whether or not the effects are obvious
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