Listening audioscript

1. WHY DOES THE STUDENT GO TO TALK WITH THE PROFESSOR?
2. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE PASSAGE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
 (Student) 
We’ve been trying to plan our presentation, but . . . well . . . we’re kind of 
stuck. So we decided that one of us should come here and talk about it 
with you, and I’m the one. 
(Professor)
That’s fine, but can you be a bit more specific? I’m not quite sure how to 
answer your question. 
WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR MEAN WHEN SHE SAYS THIS? 
(Professor) 
I’m not quite sure how to answer your question. 
3. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR THINK THE STUDENTS HAVE DONE WRONG?
 
 
4. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR IMPLY ABOUT THE STUDENTS’ 
PRESENTATION?
5. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE PASSAGE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
 (Student) 
But what if we don’t come up with any solutions to the issues we find? 
(Professor) 
You won’t have to pull solutions out of thin air. Many of the problems 
have potential solutions embedded in the case study itself…um, you 
have to evaluate the pros and cons of the suggestions and make 
decisions. Of course, you’re welcome to be creative and come up with 
ideas that aren’t presented. I might be disappointed if no one in the 
whole class comes up with anything novel, but you’ll have information to 
get you started.
WHY DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY THIS: 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
136
 (Professor) 
You won’t have to pull solutions out of thin air.
 
Page 460
[ mp3 214-215]
 
Questions 6 through 11. 
Listen to a lecture in a music class. 
(Professor)
The trumpet of today, with its long oblong loop of metal and three piston 
valves, is a brass instrument that has a commanding role in modern-day 
bands and orchestras. This modern musical instrument has a long and 
interesting history. As we take a look at the development of the trumpet, 
you should keep the following points about the trumpet in mind. First, the 
trumpet is a universal instrument that has been part of numerous 
cultures. Second, the trumpet has undergone numerous mutations in its 
development. Third, the trumpet has served a variety of purposes in its 
various mutations and in different cultures. 
The first point that we want to understand about the trumpet is that many 
early cultures had their own distinct version of a trumpet, so it’s difficult to 
say that the trumpet originated in one specific culture. Early cultures in 
Africa and Australia had trumpet-like hollow tubes, and by 1400 
B
.
C
. the 
Egyptians had developed wide-belled trumpets made from bronze and 
silver. Assyrian, Greek, Etruscan, Roman, Celtic, and Teutonic 
civilizations all had some form of the trumpet, and during the Crusades in 
the Middle Ages, the Europeans were introduced to the Arab trumpa. 
Another point to understand about the trumpet is that it has 
undergone extensive changes in construction, both in the materials used 
and in its shape. In this drawing, you can see various types of trumpets 
that’ve been used throughout the ages. Some of the materials that’ve 
been used to construct trumpets are the uh cane plant, horns or tusks of 
animals, and um, metals such as bronze, silver, and brass. In shape, the 
trumpet began as a long, hollow, straight tube to which a wide-mouthed 
bell was later added to magnify the sound. Then, as the tubing got longer 
and longer, it er… it was bent to make the instrument more convenient, 
first into an “S”-shape and then into the circling loop of today. To 
increase the number and accuracy of tones produced, keys and a slide 
similar to the slide on a trombone were added to the trumpet before the 
uh… three piston valves of the modern trumpet became the norm. I’m 
going to get back to this in a moment, but I don’t want to get sidetracked 
just yet, so on to the third point…and that point is that the trumpet has 
served a variety of purposes. The trumpet has only relatively recently 
been considered a musical instrument. For most of its long history, it’s 
been used in other ways. First, the trumpet has been used for ceremonial 
purposes, perhaps to herald the arrival of an important person or to add 
to a celebration or rite. In addition, the trumpet has been used for 
communication over distances; ancient versions of the trumpet with a 
limited range of low powerful notes were used for communication from 
village to village and from mountaintop to mountaintop. Finally, the 
trumpet has been used by numerous cultures in battle, to announce the 
charge into battle and to encourage troops to fight more intensely during 
battle. It wasn’t until the last few centuries, when changes and 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
137
improvements to the trumpet made it more versatile, that it became 
established in its role as a musical instrument. 
Now, the biggest problem with the trumpet as a musical instrument 
was its limited range of notes. Because of the physics of its design, the 
natural trumpet – um, this is the trumpet that is only one long tube - can 
only sound the notes of a single overtone series. That means it cannot 
play all the notes of classical music. For centuries this fact kept the 
trumpet from reaching its full musical potential. It was the addition of the 
valves, perfected at the beginning of the nineteenth century, that allowed 
the trumpet to become fully uh…chromatic, or uh…able to play all of the 
notes of the classical scale.
Another important addition to the modern trumpet is the tuning slide.
Slides had allowed trumpeters to change pitch for a long time, but the 
tuning slide of the modern instrument has the purpose of simply keeping 
the trumpet in tune. It can be adjusted so that the trumpet can always be 
tuned to exactly the correct note. 
OK, so now you see what the trumpet was used for through history, and 
you can also see why very little music was written for the trumpet until 
the nineteenth and especially twentieth century. This was when the 
modern trumpet achieved the necessary range through various 
improvements.