M a education paper-v methods of teaching english


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Education Paper 5 ENGLISH

THE DIRECT METHOD 
Also called the Natural Method or the Reformed Method. 
“ To teach English directly is to establish a direct or immediate association between experience & 
expression; English word, phrase or idiom & meaning.” – H.Champion. 
Features: 

Translation banished. 

Grammar, when taught, taught inductively. 

Oral teaching precedes reading/writing. 

Meanings through objects/context. 


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Principles: 

Establish a direct bond between word/phrase/idiom and meaning. 

More emphasis on listening and speaking. 

Less importance to mother tongue. 

Follows full sentences not words. 

Vocabulary is used directly. 

Grammar is ‘Grammar of use’ not ‘Grammar of rules’. 

Follows maxims- Simple to Complex; Concrete to Abstract. 

Pronunciation taught on phonetic lines. 

Questioning used more often. 
Merits: 

Encourages thinking. 

Enables expression. 

Develops language sense. 

Interesting. 

Rote learning discouraged. 

Develops language mastery. 

Ample scope for activity, teaching aids. 
Demerits: 

Does not work with higher classes. 

Reading and writing sacrificed for speech. 

Expensive. 

Requires a small sized class. 

Time consuming. 
 
THE STRUCTURAL APPROACH 
This is the outcome of the efforts & researches done by the British Council in the Institute of education, 
Univ. of London. 
CONCEPT: 

Arrangement of words in such a way as to form a suitable pattern of sentences. 

Also known as ‘New Approach’ or ‘Aural-Oral Approach’. 


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The Approach is a scientific study of the fundamental structures of the English language, their 
analysis & logical arrangement. – Brewington. 
Principles of Structural Approach: 
1) Speech is very important to fix these structure patterns or ground work in the mind of learner 
2) Activities of the learner are more significance, rather than those of the teacher. 
3) The student has to fix up habits of language patterns in English. He has to forget for the time being
patterns of his own language- the mother-tongue. 
4) The sentence patterns of English are to be picked up, practiced and fixed in mind. 
Structure: 

Different arrangements or patterns of words. 
 
Types of Structures: 

Sentence pattern e.g. S+V+O. 

Phrase pattern ; e.g. Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall (Phrase ) 

Formulae; Use of common language such as “Good Morning”; “Thank you” 

Idioms; e.g. It was raining cats and dogs. 
Selection of Structure: 
The selection of any structure to be taught in a particular class should be based on the following criteria; 

Usefulness. 

Simplicity. 

Teachability. 

Gradation. 

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