M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

 
Elliptical Sentences 
The problem of elliptical sentences has been and still is one of the most 
important and at the same time difficult problems of syntax. 
The problem is solved by different linguists in different way. According to 
H. Kruisinga's (36) concept “Any noun that is used to call a person may be looked 
upon as a sentence, or a sentence-word. 
Some words regularly form a sentence, such as “yes” or “no”'; but they do 
so only in connection with another sentence. Words used in a sentence with subject 
and predicate may also be alone to form a complete sentence, but again in 
connection with another sentence only...” 
As we stated above elliptical sentences are also the result of transformation 
of kernel sentences. Since transforms are derived from kernel sentences they must 
be considered in connection with the latter. 
L. Barkhudarov (3) looks upon the sentences like «Вечер», «Утро» and so 
on as two-member sentences. Really, if we isolate such utterances from the 
language system it will not be divisible. If an investigator wants to be objective he 
cannot neglect the language system. Any unit of any language is in 
interdependence of the other units of the language. Since the overwhelming 
majority of sentences are two-member ones as e.g. «Был вечер», «Будет вечер» 
the above-mentioned utterances are also two-member ones. In sentences «Был 
вечер», «Будет вечер» the predicates are expressed explicitly, while in «Вечер», 
«Утро» the predicates are expressed by zero alternants of the verb «быть». M. 
Blokh is conception is very close to this (5), (6). 
The classification of elliptical sentences may be based on the way of their 
explication. By explication we understand the replacement of the zero alternant of 
this or that word by the explicit one. There are two kinds of explication: 
1. Syntagmatically restored elliptical sentences - when the explicit alternant 
of the elliptical sentence is found in the same context where the elliptical sentence 
is: 
One was from Maine; the other from California. 
If you have no idea where Clive might be, I certainly haven't. (Nancy 
Buckingam). 
2. Paradigmatically restored elliptical sentence - when the explicit alternant 
of the zero form is not found in the context where the ellipsis is used but when it is 
found in similar language constructions, e.g. 
Stop and speak to me. (Galsworthy) 

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You listen to me, Horace. (Steinback)