SEMANTICS OF THE CONSTRUCTIONS IN COGNITIVE GRAMMAR
A.Goldberg argues that constructions are conventionalized pieces of
grammatical knowledge and they exist independently of the particular lexical items
which instantiate them. The constructions brought under her observation are:
ditransitive construction, caused-motion construction, resultative construction, way
construction.
Constructional meanings can be generally captured by skeletal structures, e.g.:
“ X causes Y to receive Z”, “X causes Y to move Z”. Constructions are associated
with a family of closely related senses, i.e. the same form is paired with different
but related senses. A. Goldberg makes proposals for how to relate verb and
construction and for constraints on that relation. To capture the semantic
constraints on constructions A. Goldberg brings into focus the analysis of the
systemic metaphors which play a significant role in the semantics of constructions.
D i t r a n s i t i v e C o n s t r u c t i o n
The central sense of the construction is argued to involve transfer between a
volitional agent and a willing recipient: the actual successful transfer:
Subject (Agent)- Predicate (Cause-Receive)- Object 1 (Recipient)- Object 2
(Patient), e.g.: Joe loaned Bob a lot of money.
The metaphorical extension of the semantic structure of the Ditransitive
Construction is based on the systemic metaphors and includes the following
senses:
causal events as transfers: e.g.: The rain brought us some time. The music lent the
party a festive relief.;
communication as “reception”, communication is understood as “traveling across”
from the stimulus to the listener, e.g.: She told Jo a fairy tale. She wired Jo a
message.
perception as “reception”, perceptions are understood as entities which move
toward the perceiver: e.g.: He showed Bob the view.
actions as “reception entities”, which are understood as intentionally directed at
another person and transferred to that person, e.g.: She blew him a kiss. She gave
him a wink.
facts and assumptions as objects which are given: e.g.: I’ll give you that
assumption.
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