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In this chapter, the design process of the said artefacts is described. The architecture design is
based on two factors: Firstly, the current situation at a medium sized Dutch construction firm, and
secondly the current state of BIM literature. Requirements for the solution will therefore be based
on needs both from practice (the case study) and literature. The chapter starts with a study into
existing BIM tooling as well as architectures; in order to design a reference architecture, it is
essential to know which resources are already out there.
4.1
BIM Tooling
Since BIM is a topic that covers various disciplines and has a rather long history of development, the
BIM landscape consists of many different tools and types thereof. Furthermore, it is
difficult to define
when a tool is a BIM tool or not.
Generally, we can divide BIM tooling in several categories, the first and foremost of which are the
design tools; these tools are used to create the actual model of a building. In general, the relation of
tools is described in figure 5.
Figure 9. Relation between types of BIM tooling
Not all these tools are required, nor does every organization use them all. Sometimes, a model will be
made in a traditional design tool and then imported into a BIM supported one, sometimes a design
will be made in the BIM supported tool itself. There is also tooling that perform several of these tasks.
It
is also not comprehensive, there are other specialized tools for example lifecycle management,
which is outside the scope of this study. But in general, these are the tools
that can play a role in BIM
workflows.
Design tools vary a lot, depending on preference, industry and tasks to be performed. They range from
tools like AutoCAD that are mainly used as pure design software for 2d/3d drawings, to tools like Revit
that exists specifically to enable BIM. They can be enriched by additional plugins to offer support for
additional dimensions or to be able to directly connect with collaboration/cloud tooling. BIM
supported design tools form the core of BIM, they enrich the models with data and provide the models
used for analysis like clash detection, cost analysis and energy consumption analysis.
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The table below lists some of the tools available within the BIM domain.
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