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  1. Beauchamp, William Martin (1905). A History of the New York Iroquois. New York State Education Department. p. 165. Retrieved May 7, 2016.

  2. ^ Daeg de Mott, D. K. (2009). "Iroquois". In Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (eds.). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life, Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. pp. 304–310. ISBN 978-1414448909. Retrieved April 12, 2015.

  3. ^ Day, Gordon M. (1968). "Iroquois: An Etymology". Ethnohistory. 15 (4): 389–402. doi:10.2307/480418. JSTOR 480418.

  4. ^ Goddard, I., "Synonymy." In G. Trigger (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast (Vol. 15, pp. 319–321). 1978.

  5. ^ [e] pronunciation according to Goddard, 1978. [ɛ] pronunciation according to Day, 1968.

  6. ^ a b Quoted in Day, 1968.

  7. ^ Day, 1968

  8. ^ H[ewitt], J.N. (1907). "Iroquois". In Hodge, Frederick Webb (Ed.) Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, pp 617–620.

  9. ^ Day, 1968.

  10. ^ Hall, Loretta (2014). "Iroquois Confederacy". Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America. 3rd Edition – via Credo.

  11. ^ a b Goddard, 1978.

  12. ^ Bakker, Peter (1991). "A Basque etymology for the Amerindian tribal name Iroquois." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca (ASJU Geh). 14(2): 1119–1124.

  13. ^ Bakker, Peter (2002). "Amerindian Tribal Names in North America of Possible Basque Origin". In Artiagoitia, X., R.P.G. de Rijk, P. Goenaga, and J. Lakarra (Ed.), Erramau Boneta: Festschrift for Rudolf P. G. de Rijk, pp. 105–116.

  14. ^ "Home – Haudenosaunee Confederacy". www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  15. ^ c.f. Kasak, Ryan M. (2016). "A distant genetic relationship between Siouan-Catawban and Yuchi". In Rudin, Catherine and Bryan J. Gordon (Ed.) Advances in the Study of Siouan Languages and Linguistics, pp. 5–38.

  16. ^ Haudenosaunee. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from http://www.yourdictionary.com/haudenosaunee.

  17. ^ Chafe, Wallace (n.d.). English – Seneca Dictionary, p. 88.

  18. ^ Morgan, Lewis H. (1851). League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee or Iroquois. Rochester: Sage & Brother, Publishers.

  19. ^ a b Goddard, 1978

  20. ^ E.g. in Graymont, Barbara (1972). The Iroquois in the American Revolution, pp. 14–15; Rausch, David A. and Blair Schlepp, (1994). Native American Voices, p 45; and Wolf, Eric R. (1982) Europe and the People Without History, p. 165.

  21. ^ Goddard, 1978. This is frequently used on the official Haudenosaunee Confederacy website: http://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com.

  22. ^ "Rotinonsionni, which is the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk) word for Haudenosaunee". Kanienkehaka Lifeways – Mohawk Valley, circa 1500. Retrieved August 27, 2017.

  23. ^ Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois in the American Revolution (1972), pp. 14–15

  24. ^ Bruce Elliott Johansen; Barbara Alice Mann (2000). Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-313-30880-2.

  25. ^ Wallace, Anthony F.C. Tuscarora: A History. Albany: SUNY Press, 2012. ISBN 9781438444314

  26. ^ "First Nations Culture Areas Index". the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

  27. ^ a b c Richter, "Ordeals of the Longhouse", in Richter and Merrill, eds., Beyond the Covenant Chain, 11–12.

  28. ^ a b Fenton 1998, pp. 4–5.

  29. ^ a b Shannon 2008, pp. 72–73.

  30. ^ a b c Richard Brookhiser, "Iroquoia: A land lost in push by British empire and U.S. settlers," Book Review of Alan Taylor's The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution, New York Times, May 19, 2006, accessed December 16, 2014

  31. ^ Gelderloos, Peter (2010). Anarchy Works.

  32. ^ Zinn, Howard. Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress. p. 1.

  33. ^ Stevens 2013, p. 149.

  34. ^ Stevens 2013.

  35. ^ Johansen, Bruce (1999). "Notes from the "culture wars": more annotations on the debate regarding the Iroquois and the origins of democracy". American Indian Culture & Research Journal. 23 (1): 165–175. doi:10.17953/aicr.23.1.x7035734612286m5.

  36. ^ a b c d Stevens, Scott Manning (2013). "The Historiography of New France and the Legacy of Iroquois Internationalism". Comparative American Studies. 11 (2): 148–165. doi:10.1179/1477570013Z.00000000037.

  37. ^ a b MacLeod 2012, p. xiv.

  38. ^ John Arthur Gibson; Hanni Woodbury; Reginald Henry; Harry Webster; Alexander Goldenweiser (1992). series editor John D. Nichols; Associate Editor H. C. Wolfart (eds.). Concerning the League: The Iroquois League Tradition as Dictated in Onondaga by John Arthur Gibson. Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-921064-09-1.

  39. ^ a b c d e The American Heritage Book of Indians, American Heritage Publishing, Co., Inc., 1961, Editor: Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., LCcat#: 61-14871

  40. ^ Fenton 1998, p. 69.

  41. ^ Shannon 2008, p. 25.

  42. ^ Johansen, Bruce (1995). "Dating the Iroquois Confederacy". Akwesasne Notes New Series. 1 (3): 62–63. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

  43. ^ Johansen, Bruce Elliott; Mann, Barbara Alice (2000). "Ganondagan". Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-313-30880-2.

  44. ^ Mann 2005, p. 333.

  45. ^ Mann, Barbara A. and Jerry L. Fields. "A Sign in the Sky: Dating the League of the Haudenosaunee," American Indian Culture and Research Journal. 21:2 (1997): 105–163.

  46. ^ Dean R. Snow (1994). The Iroquois. Blackwell Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-55786-938-8. Retrieved July 16, 2010.

  47. ^ a b Johansen, Bruce (2010). The Iroquois. New York: Chelsea House. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-60413-794-1.

  48. ^ "The History of Onondage'ga' ", Onondaga Nation School.

  49. ^ Mann 2005, p. 334.

  50. ^ Charles Augustus Hanna, The Wilderness Trail, New York: Putnam Brothers, 1911, p. 97.

  51. ^ Louis F. Burns, "Osage" Archived January 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved March 2, 2009.

  52. ^ See history of Erie people, Susquehannock, Tuscarora people and the Wyandot (Huron) peoples.

  53. ^ Muir, Diana, Reflections in Bullough's Pond, University Press of New England, p. 13.

  54. ^ Bernard G. Hoffman, 1955, Souriquois, Etechemin, and Kwedech – – A Lost Chapter in American Ethnography.

  55. ^ Johnson 2003, p. 7.

  56. ^ Johnson 2003, pp. 7–8.

  57. ^ James F. Pendergast, 1991, The Massawomeck.

  58. ^ a b Varhola, Michael (2006). Grantville Gazette Volume VIII:Non-Fiction:New France in 1634 and the Fate of North America. Newport, TN: Baen Books. doi:10.1125/0021 (inactive May 21, 2020).

  59. ^ a b c d Johnson 2003, p. 8.

  60. ^ Jordan (2013), p. 37.

  61. ^ Reville, F. Douglas. The History of the County of Brant, p. 20.

  62. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Hurons"". Newadvent.org. June 1, 1910. Retrieved February 27, 2011.

  63. ^ Steele, Ian K. Warpaths: Invasions of North America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 64

  64. ^ Richter 1992.

  65. ^ Alan Taylor, American Colonies, Penguin Books, 2001

  66. ^ Brandão, José A. Your Fyre Shall Burn No More: Iroquois Policy towards New France and Its Allies to 1701, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. 19–20.

  67. ^ a b c Johnson 2003, p. 9.

  68. ^ "home". puffin.creighton.edu. August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  69. ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  70. ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  71. ^ Trigger, Bruce G. The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660, McGill-Queen's University Press; Kingston and Montreal, 1987, p. 751

  72. ^ Francis Parkman[citation needed]

  73. ^ a b c Johnson 2003, p. 10.

  74. ^ a b Jennings, p. 135.

  75. ^ Jennings, p. 160.

  76. ^ Parmenter 2007, p. 42.

  77. ^ Parmenter 2007, p. 43.

  78. ^ Parmenter 2007, p. 44.

  79. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. xi.

  80. ^ Parmenter 2007, pp. 44–45.

  81. ^ a b c d e f Parmenter 2007, p. 46.

  82. ^ Parmenter 2007, pp. 45–46.

  83. ^ a b c d Johnson 2003, p. 11.

  84. ^ Jennings, p. 111.

  85. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Frontenac et Palluau, Louis de Buade" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 249–250.

  86. ^ Parmenter 2007, pp. 40–41.

  87. ^ a b Parmenter 2007, pp. 39–76.

  88. ^ "The Four Indian Kings". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved September 25, 2007.

  89. ^ Joseph Solomon Walton, 1900, Conrad Weiser and the Indian Policy of Colonial Pennsylvania, pp. 76–121.

  90. ^ Paxton 2008, p. 12.

  91. ^ a b c d Paxton 2008, p. 13.

  92. ^ Paxton 2008, p. 14.

  93. ^ Johnson 2003, p. 12.

  94. ^ a b Johnson 2003, p. 12-13.

  95. ^ a b c d e f Johnson 2003, p. 13.

  96. ^ a b c d e f g h Johnson 2003, p. 14.

  97. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 23.

  98. ^ MacLeod 2012, pp. 23–25.

  99. ^ MacLeod 2012, pp. 24–25.

  100. MacLeod 2012, pp. 26–27.

  101. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 30.

  102. ^ MacLeod 2012, pp. 30–31.

  103. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 31.

  104. ^ MacLeod 2012, pp. 31–32.

  105. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 32.

  106. ^ MacLeod 2012, pp. 32–33.

  107. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 35.

  108. ^ MacLeod 2012, p. 27.

  109. ^ Johnson 2003, p. 15.

  110. ^ Oneida Nation of New York Conveyance of Lands Into Trust Archived April 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine pp. 3–159, Department of Indian Affairs.

  111. ^ Johnson 2003, p. 15-16.

  112. ^ a b c Johnson 2003, p. 16.

  113. ^ a b Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois In The American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972. Print.

  114. ^ a b c d Crawford, Neta. "A Security Regime among Democracies: Cooperation among Iroquois Nations." International Organization 48 (1994): 345–85. Web.

  115. ^ a b Del Papa, Eugene M. "The Royal Proclamation of 1763: Its Effect upon Virginia Land Companies." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 83 (1975): 406–11. Web.

  116. ^ a b Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois In The American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972. Print

  117. ^ a b c d e f g h i Morgan, Lewis Henry (1995). The League of the Iroquois. North Dighton, MA: JG Press. ISBN 978-1572151246.. Note: reprint of 1904 book, League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee or Iroquois

  118. ^ a b c Johnson 2003, p. 17.

  119. ^ Johnson 2003, p. 16-18.

  120. ^ a b c d e Johnson 2003, p. 19.

  121. ^ Keen Bloomfield, Julia (1908). The Oneidas. p. 145 et seq.

  122. ^ "Southesk". Archived from the original on March 10, 2014.

  123. ^ Calverley, Dorthea. "The Iroquois of the Rocky Mountain Trench". South Peace Historical Society. Retrieved June 18, 2019.

  124. ^ "THE IROQUOIS IN THE PEACE RIVER AREA". Archived from the original on April 17, 2014.

  125. ^ "Mountain Métis Story".

  126. ^ "Ancestral History – Aseniwuche Winewak Nation of Canada – Canada's Rocky Mountain Aboriginal People".

  127. ^ a b c d e f g h Johnson 2003, p. 20.

  128. ^ a b Chartrand 2007, p. 6.

  129. ^ Winegard 2012, p. 30.

  130. ^ Winegard 2012, p. 76-77.

  131. ^ a b Winegard 2012, p. 112.

  132. ^ a b c Winegard 2012, p. 128.

  133. ^ a b c d e f Woo, Grace Li Xiu (April 30, 2003). "Canada's Forgotten Founders: The Modern Significance of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Application for Membership in the League of Nations". Law Social Justice & Global Development Journal. Retrieved December 27, 2014.

  134. ^ a b c d e Bennett, edited by Marie Léger; translated by Arnold (1994). Aboriginal peoples : toward self-government. Montréal: Black Rose Books. pp. 3–6. ISBN 978-1-551640-11-2. Retrieved December 27, 2014.

  135. ^ "Un Chicanery". mohawknationnews.com.

  136. ^ a b c d Morton 1999, p. 273.

  137. ^ "U.S. House of Representatives Resolution 108, 83rd Congress, 1953. (U.S. Statutes at Large, 67: B132.)". Digital History. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved May 1, 2007.

  138. ^ "Lead Up To The Indian Claims Commission Act Of 1946". www.justice.gov. April 13, 2015.

  139. ^ Philip 2002, pp. 21–33.

  140. ^ "CONTENTdm". digital.library.okstate.edu. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  141. ^ a b "CONTENTdm". digital.library.okstate.edu. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

  142. ^ Shattuck 1991, pp. 168–169.

  143. ^ Shattuck 1991, p. 169.

  144. ^ Wilkinson, Charles. Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005

  145. ^ House Concurrent Resolution 108 Archived June 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Digital History, University of Houston

  146. ^ a b "Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe – Culture and History". Archived from the original on December 20, 2014.

  147. ^ "Legislation terminating federal controls over eight Indian groups submitted to congress" (PDF). bia.gov. Department of the Interior. January 21, 1954. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 10, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

  148. ^ Johansen, Bruce Elliott and Barbara Alice Mann (2000). Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-313-30880-2. Retrieved December 19, 2014.

  149. ^ "Text of H.R. 1794 (88th): An Act to authorize payment for certain interests in lands within the Allegheny ... (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version) – GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us.

1 Beauchamp, William Martin (1905). A History of the New York Iroquois. New York State Education Department. p. 165. Retrieved May 7, 2016.

2 Daeg de Mott, D. K. (2009). "Iroquois". In Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (eds.). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life, Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. pp. 304–310. ISBN 978-1414448909. Retrieved April 12, 2015

3Goddard, I., "Synonymy." In G. Trigger (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast (Vol. 15, pp. 319–321). 1978.

[e] pronunciation according to Goddard, 1978. [ɛ] pronunciation according to Day, 1968.



4


5 Hall, Loretta (2014). "Iroquois Confederacy". Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America. 3rd Edition – via Credo.

6Bakker, Peter (2002). "Amerindian Tribal Names in North America of Possible Basque Origin". In Artiagoitia, X., R.P.G. de Rijk, P. Goenaga, and J. Lakarra (Ed.), Erramau Boneta: Festschrift for Rudolf P. G. de Rijk, pp. 105–116.

7Haudenosaunee. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from http://www.yourdictionary.com/haudenosaunee.

^ Chafe, Wallace (n.d.). English – Seneca Dictionary, p. 88.



8Morgan, Lewis H. (1851). League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee or Iroquois. Rochester: Sage & Brother, Publishers. a b Goddard, 1978

9Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois in the American Revolution (1972), pp. 14–15

10Wallace, Anthony F.C. Tuscarora: A History. Albany: SUNY Press, 2012. ISBN 9781438444314

11"First Nations Culture Areas Index". the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

12First Nations Culture Areas Index". the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

a b c Richter, "Ordeals of the Longhouse", in Richter and Merrill, eds., Beyond the Covenant Chain, 11–12.



13a b c Richter, "Ordeals of the Longhouse", in Richter and Merrill, eds., Beyond the Covenant Chain, 11–12

14 a b Fenton 1998, pp. 4–5.

15a b c d e The American Heritage Book of Indians, American Heritage Publishing, Co., Inc., 1961, Editor: Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., LCcat#: 61-14871

16 Fenton 1998, p. 69. Shannon 2008, p. 25.

17Johansen, Bruce Elliott; Mann, Barbara Alice (2000). "Ganondagan". Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-313-30880-2.

18a b Johansen, Bruce (2010). The Iroquois. New York: Chelsea House. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-60413-794-1.

19a b c d e The American Heritage Book of Indians, American Heritage Publishing, Co., Inc., 1961, Editor: Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., LCcat#: 61-14871

20Charles Augustus Hanna, The Wilderness Trail, New York: Putnam Brothers, 1911, p. 97.

21 a b c d e The American Heritage Book of Indians, American Heritage Publishing, Co., Inc., 1961, Editor: Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., LCcat#: 61-14871

22ernard G. Hoffman, 1955, Souriquois, Etechemin, and Kwedech – – A Lost Chapter in American Ethnography.

23Johnson 2003, pp. 7–8.

24James F. Pendergast, 1991, The Massawomeck.

^ a b Varhola, Michael (2006). Grantville Gazette Volume VIII:Non-Fiction:New France in 1634 and the Fate of North America. Newport, TN: Baen Books. doi:10.1125/0021 (inactive May 21, 2020).



25.a b Varhola, Michael (2006). Grantville Gazette Volume VIII:Non-Fiction:New France in 1634 and the Fate of North America. Newport, TN: Baen Books. doi:10.1125/0021 (inactive May 21, 2020).

26^ a b c d Johnson 2003, p. 8

27Jordan (2013), p. 37.

28 "Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Hurons"". Newadvent.org. June 1, 1910. Retrieved February 27, 2011.

29Steele, Ian K. Warpaths: Invasions of North America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 64

30Alan Taylor, American Colonies, Penguin Books, 2001

31Brandão, José A. Your Fyre Shall Burn No More: Iroquois Policy towards New France and Its Allies to 1701, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. 19–20.

32a b c Johnson 2003, p. 9.

33"home". puffin.creighton.edu. August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

34 "HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

35"HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved August 10, 2018.

36 Trigger, Bruce G. The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660, McGill-Queen's University Press; Kingston and Montreal, 1987, p. 751

37Francis Parkman[citation needed]

38 a b c Johnson 2003, p. 10.

39Parmenter 2007, pp. 40–41.

40a b Parmenter 2007, pp. 39–76.

41 Joseph Solomon Walton, 1900, Conrad Weiser and the Indian Policy of Colonial Pennsylvania, pp. 76–121.

42Paxton 2008, p. 12.

43a b c d Paxton 2008, p. 13.

44^ Paxton 2008, p. 14.

45Johnson 2003, p. 12.

46Johnson 2003, p. 12.

47Johnson 2003, p. 15.

48^ Oneida Nation of New York Conveyance of Lands Into Trust Archived April 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine pp. 3–159, Department of Indian Affairs.

49Johnson 2003, p. 15-16.

50 a b c Johnson 2003, p. 16

51 a b c Johnson 2003, p. 16

52 a b Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois In The American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972. Print.

53 a b c d Crawford, Neta. "A Security Regime among Democracies: Cooperation among Iroquois Nations." International Organization 48 (1994): 345–85. Web.

54a b Del Papa, Eugene M. "The Royal Proclamation of 1763: Its Effect upon Virginia Land Companies." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 83 (1975): 406–11. Web.

55 a b c d Crawford, Neta. "A Security Regime among Democracies: Cooperation among Iroquois Nations." International Organization 48 (1994): 345–85. Web.

56Parmenter 2007, pp. 40–41.

57a b Parmenter 2007, pp. 39–76.

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