Mavzu: Nazariy mexanika fani tarixi, maqsadi va vazifalari. Statikaning aksiomalari

Topic: History, purpose and tasks of theoretical mechanics. Axioms of statics.

Fergana Polytechnic Institute

Faculty of Chemical Technology

El 64-21 group student

Erkaboyev Diyorbek’s

Presentation work on theoretical mechanics

History, purpose and tasks of theoretical mechanics. Axioms of statics.

PLAN:

• Science and history of theoretical mechanics.
• Purpose and tasks of theoretical mechanics
• Axioms of statics.

History of theoretical mechanics.

The role and importance of the science of theoretical mechanics in engineering knowledge is that it is the scientific base of many areas of modern technology. At the same time, the laws and methods of mechanics, which is a natural science, play an important role in studying and explaining a number of important phenomena of the world around us. Mechanics is one of the oldest sciences. The first manuscripts and scientific articles on mechanics that have reached us belong to the scientists of ancient Egypt and Greece. First of all, it is possible to show the works of Aristotle (384-322 AD), the great philosopher of ancient Greece. Aristotle introduced the word "mechanics" to science.

The word "mechanics" means "work" or "machine" when translated from Greek. considered the driving forces as unchangeable. At the same time, Aristotle's theorem about the addition of velocities and his opinion that air has weight are correct. Another ancient Greek scientist is the famous scientist Archimedes (287-212 BC), who was the first to use mathematical methods in the study of mechanical problems. Archimedes lays the foundation for the theory of the balance of bodies and the center of gravity, the law of the balance of a lever, the basic principles of statics of a solid body, and the theory of the balance of liquids.

Purpose and tasks of theoretical mechanics

There is nothing in the universe except moving matter, and moving matter only moves in space and time. According to this definition, motion is an integral and fundamental property of matter, and it includes all phenomena that occur in the universe. Motion is the living form of matter, without motion there is matter and without matter there is no motion. Any movement takes place at a certain place in space and at a certain time. Space and time are inextricably linked. In theoretical mechanics, space is considered to be homogeneous and isotropic, that is, the passage of a mechanical event does not depend on where it is passing or in which direction in space. A body to another body in space coordinates with this second body to study relative motion system (number system) is connected. In this case, the body is being examine movement of body points in a selected coordinate system space is marked by successive overlaps with points.

In theoretical mechanics, time passes at the same rate in every part of space, and it is considered as continuous and homogeneous as space. The science of theoretical mechanics examines mechanical motion, considered the simplest of the motions of matter. As a mechanical movement, material bodies relative to each other in space over time it is said that the situation will change. It's a movement occurs from the interaction of bodies. Mechanical movement is the simplest of movements form.

The study of the parts of statics begins with the axioms of statics. Statics is based on a few axioms that are confirmed by everyday experience without mathematical proof. The word axiom (Greek) is taken from the Greek language, and translation into Uzbek means a simple fact that does not require proof. There are not many of them, we will only study the static part based on 4 axioms.

Axioms of statics.

Axiom 1. In order for two forces applied to a free absolute rigid body to be in balance, these forces are equal in magnitude and directed in opposite directions along a straight line passing through the points where the forces are applied. should be. The equivalent effector of such a system of forces is equal to zero. Such a system of forces is called a balanced system or zero system.

Axiom 2. If a balanced system is added to or removed from a system of forces applied to an absolutely rigid body, the effect of the system on the body does not change. The result.

When a force applied to an absolute rigid body is moved along its line of action to any point of the body, the effect of the force on the rigid body does not change.

Axiom 3 (parallelogram axiom). The equal effector of two forces applied to a point of the body is equal to the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by these forces passing through the point of application of the forces. The equal effector of forces and the geometric sum of forces are separate concepts. They should not be sent together. The forces may not have equal magnitudes, but they do have a geometric sum.

Axiom 4 (Newton's third law). Any two bodies in equilibrium interact with each other with oppositely directed forces along a straight line of equal magnitude. This law is one of the basic laws of mechanics. If body A acts on body V with some force F, then body V acts on body A with a force F of opposite direction along a straight line, equal in quantity to body A.

Axiom 5. If a deformable body under the influence of a system of forces becomes an absolute rigid body in a state of equilibrium, its equilibrium does not change. This law is called the principle of solidity. When the links of the chain are welded together, its balance is not disturbed. Because a body in equilibrium is affected by the same system of forces before and after freezing.

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