Medical aid plan: Introduction


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14.MEDICAL AID

Danger for the surrounding people:

  • - those who need special sanitary treatment;

  • - those who are liable to temporary isolation;

  • Medical signs:

  • - the degree of need of medical help;

  • - the degree of priority and place of its rendering;

  • - Requiring the urgent medical help;

  • - The help may be postponed (there is no need in urgent medical help);

  • - those in need of symptomatic aid (terminal states, traumas incompatible with life);

  • Evacuation signs:

  • - the necessity and degree of priority of evacuation;

  • - the type of transport and way of evacuation (laying, sitting);

  • - the kind of medical establishment, where the evacuation is necessary.

    For acceleration of assortment and rendering of the medical help there are many ways.
    For example, there is a simple method of outcome evaluation in casualties with mechanic trauma at mass admission of victims. The method is based on evaluation of prognostic index in numbers:
    visible injuries: head - 2, chest (spine) - 3, abdomen (pelvis) - 4, fracture of the femur-5, fracture of the calf, upper arm, forearm - 3 each.
    The state of consciousness: loss- 5
    Approximate (biological) age, elder than: 50 years - 2, 60 years - 5, 70 years – 7, 80 years - 10
    Blood pressure is not taken, the severity of shock is not taken into account, as at a shock of the 3rd degree there is loss of (which is estimated by 5 marks).
    Calculation of prognosis: at summation of the marks you will get prognostic index according to which the casualties are divided into three groups:

    Sorting groups

    Marks

    Outcomes







    Prognosis

    Mortality,%

    1

    More 15

    Unfavourable

    90

    2

    10-12

    Doubtful

    30

    3

    10

    Favourable

    10

    Prognostic index of more than 20 indicates almost hopeless state, particularly in conditions of mass admission of casualties.
    If besides a mechanic trauma the victim has a thermal trauma, then every 10 % of the body surface affected by burn (is defined by Wallace’s method of “nines”), are added as 3 marks to the prognostic index obtained in evaluation of a mechanic trauma.


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