Международный научный журнал №5 (100), часть 1 «Научный импульс» Январь, 2023

IMPORTANCE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS 
Mexroj Siddikov
Jizzakh SAMBHRAM universiteti 
masters degree 2nd year 
The definition of ideal city, conceived at the turn of the 19th century and finalised at 
the turn of 21st as smart city, and based on six key smart components including economy, 
governance, people, science and technology, living and environment, ignores such a 
fundamental component as built environment, which constitutes the physical platform of a 
smart city. Indicators used for evaluation of smart city models mainly based on ICT 
platform do not include build environment characteristics. Proposed seven smart 
components system (7SCCS) structured in this paper, considers the built environment as a 
foundation of the smart city infrastructure. Critical reviews of the theory emphasize a 
leading role of the ICT in the development of smart cities and, at present, the theory is 
winning a growing support from many experts and ICT organisations and companies. 
However, the ICT-led model together with business-led models may produce negative 
effects on interface dynamics of smart cites components system. Review of elements of 
the contemporary built infrastructure proposes a strategy of balanced development of 
existing and emerging structures, and building those types of smart cities that are required 
for sustainable urban development of future cities. 
Rapid development of science and technology in the 18th century led to gradual 
division of the built environment into two areas: urban BE and evolved industrial BE, 
sometimes coexisting in the same area and merging one into another, or spatially 
separated into interconnected but independent infrastructures. This paper covers the 
urban built environment, which was trying to adjust to social and technology changes, and 
which gave birth to a new type of utopia, the urban utopia caused by four factors: 
industrialisation, which caused creation of proletariat (labour- power class), urbanisation 
and locomotive transportation. 
Thomas More in his Utopia, 1516, contemplated the concept of an ideal city and 
provided brief descriptions of plans, roads and buildings, without, however, reasoning 
their features and quality 
In the early 18th century, the old type of urban texture, when residential areas, 
workshops, facilities, resources and supply areas were co-located, was fractured by the 
force of urbanisation and emerging industries and inability of urban architecture to 
response to city planning needs, change building design, and interlace fractured residence 
and industrial sectors dislocated on enlarged urban areas. 
The housing of labour-power, and transportation to factories, shops and services 
combined with poor accommodation conditions, pollution caused by industrial 
installations located in the vicinity or inside cities, inherited poor infrastructure and 

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Международный научный журнал № 5 (100), часть 1 
«Научный импульс» Январь, 2023 
239 
transport, based on legacy city plans, caused social concern in France, Britain and USA, and 
projected the idea of a new ideal city. It was French architect C.N. Ledoux, who believed 
that architecture may improve society, and who first designed The Ideal City of Chaux for 
royal saltworks in 1774 - the first utopian industrial city, the city for workers, and the only 
utopian city designed for the actual site. In spite of attempts of urban researchers and 
developers to postulate the idea of modern city, pioneered by Musee social (Social 
Museum, established 1894), and La Societe Fran;;aise des Urbanistes (Society of French 
Urbanists, established 1911), and five housing complexes built between 1907 and 1919 by 
Foundation Rothschild Workers' Residence (France), the social housing template was not 
elaborated until the post- WWII era of welfare states. 
The new definition of ideal city was conceived in post WWII new city projects which 
encompassed the whole idea of industrialised city as “a factory to work” with building as 
“machines to live”, featuring such epithets as future, smart, digital, intelligent, advanced, 
green, liveable and so on. 
At the turn of 21st century, the idea was conceptualised as techno-social and urban 
phenomenon, which could be 
categorised in the seven key components including smart economy, governance, 
people, science and technology, living and environment structured over the fundamental 
built environment component, which constitutes the physical platform of a smart city. 
The current various concept models of a smart city are dominated by the business-led 
model supported by financial institutions striving for return on investment into built 
environment,, and the ICT-led model supported by ICT industry leaders such as IBM, which 
launched a business strategy A Smarter Planet, followed by Cisco's commercial programme 
Smart Cities and Communities, and others selling a dream that the ICT is capable of 
resolving all problems of a modern city: install a broadband fibre-optic socket in the cave 
and it will be converted into a modern house. 
Our built environment has to meet the needs of people and society, offer a good 
living environment and contribute to sustainable development. How we live our lives 
affects the environment in many ways, whether it be a matter of the way we heat our 
homes, travel to work and leisure activities, or separate our waste. 
Apart from the above, the other 7 components of the built environment affect 
human health: air quality, ambient noise, climate, land use and development patterns, 
physical activity, public spaces, and transportation. Each one has a significant impact on 
our well-being. 
The built environment can affect our behaviours and how we feel. For example, well-
designed communities that make it easy to access healthy food and get around by transit, 
foot or bicycle can contribute to better health and happiness. 
The built environment impacts exposures such as noise, environmental pollutants 
and general neighborhood conditions including infrastructural adequacy, which can 
facilitate or hinder physical and psychological functioning.