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4.1.1. Type 1: FDD Version
In FDD, DL and UL uses different carrier frequencies, so a device that
supports HD-FDD must switch between the
links for transmission and
reception, while another device can use both links simultaneously if it
supports FD-FDD.
Every subframe in type 1 has 2 slots with 6 or 7 OFDM each, depending on
the cyclic prefix. Fig. 12 shows an overview of the frame structure, where
each OFDM symbol is used as reference or transmission signal, throughout
the
UL or DL transmission, like synchronization,
broadcast, reference,
control, ARQ, etc. [10] [11]
Fig. 12. Frame Structure in LTE - FDD [11].
4.1.2. Type 2:
TDD Version
In TDD, the DL and UL transmission uses the same subcarrier frequency,
so like HD-FDD, a switch between the links is
required for reception and
transmission. This is done in type 2 using special subframes, as depicted in
Fig. 13.
The TDD version uses two types of subframes: normal and special, where
special subframes replace subframes 2 and 6 [11].
A normal subframe is used either for DL or UL.
While a special subframe is
composed as follows: Downlink Time Slot, Guard Period and Uplink Time
Slot. It provides a dynamic structure for changes from DL to UL using the
GP.
The possible DL-UL configurations are cell specific as shown in the Table 2
[9].
Slot 2
Slot 1
Subframe 1
0.5 ms
1 ms
Slot 3
Slot 4
OFDM
Symbol 1
OFDM
Symbol 2
OFDM
Symbol 3
OFDM
Symbol 4
OFDM
Symbol 5
OFDM
Symbol 6
OFDM
Symbol 7
Cyclic Prefix
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Fig. 13. Frame Structure in LTE - TDD [11].
Even though LTE devices can support any combination of the duplex modes
while increasing both
complexity and performance, type 2 frame structure
has several advantages over type 1, and one of the them is the dynamic switch
between DL and UL provided by the special subframe
structure using the
same carrier frequency. Based on the previous section, one RB is part of a
frame, and the dynamic resource allocation per subframe per user is done in
the scheduling part at the eNodeB, as follows [10] [11].
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