Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

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Summary :
 
Situational 
factors 
that enhance or inhibit helping. 
Helping people we like – We generally help those who are similar 
to us in terms age nationality or religion. People holding similar 
values are also helped more than others. We help those who are 
not responsible for their problems. A hopelessly drunk person lying 
on the footpath is rarely helped, as compared with the well dressed 
person with cut on his forehead. 
Exposure to prosocial models – The helpful models in the real 
world or the models projected by media encourage the prosocial 
behaviour. Eg. Spiderman helping people in distress. 
Emotions and prosocial behaviour – Good mood of the 
bystander increases the change of being helped. It may not be 
always true, under certain conditions; good mood may actually 
interfere with prosocial behaviour. 
Negative emotions are more likely to increase prosocial 
behaviour if negative feelings are not intense and situation is not 
ambiguous. 
Empathy – Empathy is being able take the perspective of other 
people. It is an important determinant of prosocial behaviour.
People tend to experience more empathy for people belonging to 
their own group. 
Studies have shown that empathy is influenced by genetic 
factors. 
Prosocial T. V. models and warm and accepting parents 
encourage the development of empathy among children. Women 
generally express higher levels of empathy than men. 
Social Exclusion – It is condition is which people feel that they are 
being left out. Studies done by Twenge suggest that when people 
experience social exclusion they adopt a very cautious attitude in 
their social relations. Social exclusion is harmful for both individual 
and society because people experiencing of do not develop new 
relationships.