Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

a) Factors relating to the current situation (situational 
factors): 
• Frustration. 
• Some kind of provocation from another person (e.g., insult), 
• Exposure to other people behaving aggressively (aggressive 
models – real or those shown in the media), 
• Any thing that causes individuals to experience discomfort – 
such as high temperature, dentist injection / drill, extremely 
boring lecture. 
b) Factors relating to the people involved (personal factors): 
These factors include individual differences of different types 
which we find among people. Some of the personal factors that 
can cause aggression in us are as follows:
Traits that predispose some individuals towards aggression 
(such as high irritability, antisocial personality, impulsivity, 
etc.). 
Attitudes and belief about violence (e.g., believing that it is 
acceptable and appropriate). 
A tendency to perceive hostile intentions in other’s behaviour 
and
Specific skills related to aggression (e.g., knowing how to 
fight or how to use various weapons. 
According to the General Aggression Model, these 
situational and individual (personal factors) variables lead to overt 
aggression through their impact on three basic processes: 
i) Arousal 
: They may increase physical arousal or excitement. 
ii) Affective States : They can arouse hostile feelings and 
outwards signs of these (e.g., angry facial expressions) and 
iii) Cognitions : They can induce individuals to think hostile 
thoughts or can bring beliefs and attitudes about aggression 
to mind. 
 
14.3 CAUSES OF HUMAN AGGRESSION : SOCIAL, 
CULTURAL, PERSONAL, AND SITUATIONAL : 
 
Human aggression is a result of many causes acting in 
combination. The four most important causes of human aggression 
are as follows : 
1. Social causes of Aggression 
2. Cultural causes of Aggression 

---